Zusammenfassung
Gentherapie von Tumorerkrankungen ist die logische Folge der intensiven Bemühungen um die Aufklärung der genetischen Grundstruktur des Lebens und zu Krankheiten führender genetischer Defekte. Gentherapeutische Verfahren erlauben erstmals eine kausale Therapie des zu einer Erkrankung führenden Gendefekts. Die Gentherapie ist definitionsgemäß die Behandlung einer erworbenen oder angeborenen Krankheit durch Transfer von genetischem Material. - Dieser Artikel fasst die Grundlagen und Fortschritte in der Behandlung von Blasenkarzinomen durch Gentherapie zusammen und stellt sie systematisch dar. Verschiedene therapeutische Ansätze wurden entwickelt, wie z. B. der Transfer von Tumorsuppressorgenen zur Wiederherstellung der Zellzykluskontrolle in Tumorzellen, Suizid-Gentherapie zur selektiven Abtötung von Tumorzellen, Modulation des Immunsystems zur Induktion oder Verstärkung einer Immunantwort gegen den Tumor. Obwohl klinisch derzeit kein Verfahren etabliert ist, müssen die Fortschritte in der Gentherapie des Harnblasenkarzinoms aufgrund des hohen therapeutischen Potenzials aufmerksam verfolgt werden.
Abstract
Cancer gene therapy is an important consequence of the intense studies on the genetic base of life and genetic defects leading to diseases. Gene therapy firstly offered the ability to treat the actual gene defect leading to a disease. In the common definition gene therapy is the treatment of an acquired or inherited disease by transfer of genetic material. - This article reviews the basis and progresses in treating bladder cancer by gene therapy. Various therapeutic approaches have been developed for this, such as transfer of tumor suppressor genes to restore cell cycle control in tumor cells, suicide gene therapy to selectively eliminate tumor cells, modulation of immune response to enhance or initiate an immune response against a bladder tumor to name only a few. Although clinically none of these have been established the progresses should be thoroughly traced.
Key words:
Urogenital neoplasms - Bladder neoplasms - Gene therapy
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