Diagnostic Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography

The importance of diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP) has dramatically decreased owing to the development of less invasive techniques such as ultrasonography, computed tomography, endoscopic ultrasonography, and finally magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). MRCP is becoming the gold standard in the diagnostic work-up of the pancreaticobiliary duct. However, MRCP cannot solve all the problems that occur, and still has inadequate resolution for small stones and tiny pancreatic and bile duct lesions. ERCP continues to be useful in difficult cases and when the diagnosis is uncertain, particularly when fluid collection and tissue sampling are necessary. However, several alternatives to sphincter of Oddi manometry have been proposed. Finally, ERCP is always the first step before endoscopic treatment, which in contrast to diagnostic ERCP is still widely used.

References

• 1 Ramirez FC, McIntosh AS, Dennert B, Harlan JR. Emergency endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in critically ill patients.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  47 368-371
• 2 Etzkorn KP, Diab F, Brown RD, et al. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography under general anesthesia: indications and results.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  47 363-367
• 3 Lin LF, Siauw CP, Ho KS, Tung JC. ERCP in post-Billroth II gastrectomy patients: emphasis on technique.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;  94 144-148
• 4 Uomo G, de Ritis R, Rabitti PG, Ragozzino A. Does endoscopic digital pancreatography constitute an advance in pancreatic imaging?.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 67-71
• 5 Ramirez FC, Dennert B, Sanowski RA. Success of repeat ERCP by the same endoscopist.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 58-61
• 6 Kamisawa T, Yuyang T, Ega N, et al. Patency of the accessory pancreatic duct in relation to its course and shape: a dye-injection endoscopic retrograde pancreatography study.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;  93 2135-2140
• 7 Loperfido S, Angelini G, Benedetti G, et al. Major early complications from diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP: a prospective multicenter study.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 1-10
• 8 Trap R, Adamsen S, Hart-Hansen O, Henriksen M. Severe and fatal complications after diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP: a prospective series of claims to insurance covering public hospitals.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 125-130
• 9 Mehta SN, Pavone E, Barkun JS, et al. Predictors of post-ERCP complications in patients with suspected choledocholithiasis.  Endoscopy. 1998;  30 457-463
• 10 Dickinson RJ, Davies S. Post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasaemia: the role of operative and patient factors.  Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1998;  10 423-428
• 11 Testoni PA, Caporuscio S, Bagnolo F, Lella F. Twenty-four-hour serum amylase predicting pancreatic reaction after endoscopic sphincterotomy.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 131-136
• 12 Marks JM, Dunkin BJ, Shillingstad BL, et al. Pretreatment with allopurinol diminishes pancreatography-induced pancreatitis in a canine model.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 180-183
• 13 Tulassay Z, Dobronte Z, Pronai L, et al. Octreotide in the prevention of pancreatic injury associated with endoscopic cholangiopancreatography.  Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 1998;  12 1109-1112
• 14 De Palma GD, Catanzano C. Use of corticosteroids in the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: results of a controlled prospective study.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;  94 982-985
• 15 Middelfart HV, Matzen P, Funch-Jensen P. Sphincter of Oddi manometry before and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  Endoscopy. 1999;  31 146-151
• 16 Di Francesco V, Brunori MP, Rigo L, et al. Comparison of ultrasound-secretin test and sphincter of Oddi manometry in patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis.  Dig Dis Sci. 1999;  44 336-340
• 17 Maldonado ME, Brady PG, Mamel JJ, Robinson B. Incidence of pancreatitis in patients undergoing sphincter of Oddi manometry (SOM).  Am J Gastroenterol. 1999;  94 387-390
• 18 Vandervoort J, Soetikno RM, Montes H, et al. Accuracy and complication rate of brush cytology from bile duct versus pancreatic duct.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 322-327
• 19 Parasher VK, Huibregtse K. Endoscopic retrograde wire-guided cytology of malignant biliary strictures using a novel scraping brush.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 288-290
• 20 Van Laethem JL, Bourgeois V, Parma J, et al. Relative contribution of Ki-ras gene analysis and brush cytology during ERCP for the diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic diseases.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  47 479-485
• 21 Morales CP, Burdick JS, Saboorian MH, et al. In situ hybridization for telomerase RNA in routine cytologic brushings for the diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary malignancies.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 402-405
• 22 Kim YS, Myung SJ, Kim SY, et al. Biliary papillomatosis: clinical, cholangiographic and cholangioscopic findings.  Endoscopy. 1998;  30 763-767
• 23 Seo DW, Kim MH, Lee SK, et al. Usefulness of cholangioscopy in patients with focal stricture of the intrahepatic duct unrelated to intrahepatic stones.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1999;  49 204-209
• 24 Barish MA, Yucel EK, Ferrucci JT. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.  N Engl J Med. 1999;  341 258-264
• 25 Wielopolski PA, Gaa J, Wielopolski DR, Oudkerk M. Breath-hold MR cholangiopancreatography with three-dimensional, segmented, echo-planar imaging and volume rendering.  Radiology. 1999;  210 247-252
• 26 Prassopoulos P, Raptopoulos V, Chuttani R, et al. Development of virtual CT cholangiopancreatoscopy.  Radiology. 1998;  209 570-574
• 27 Lee MG, Jeong YK, Kim MH, et al. MR Cholangiopancreatography of pancreatography of pancreaticobiliary diseases: comparing single-shot RARE and multislice HASTE sequences.  Am J Roentgenol. 1998;  171 1539-1545
• 28 Norton KI, Glass RB, Kogan D, et al. MR cholangiography in children and young adults with biliary disease.  Am J Roentgenol. 1999;  172 1239-1244
• 29 Matos C, Nicaise N, Devière J, et al. Choledochal cysts: comparison of findings at MR cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in eight patients.  Radiology. 1998;  209 443-448
• 30 Irie H, Honda H, Jimi M, et al. Value of MR cholangiopancreatography in evaluating choledochal cysts.  Am J Roentgenol. 1998;  171 1381-1385
• 31 Sica GT, Braver J, Cooney MJ, et al. Comparison of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with MR cholangiopancreatography in patients with pancreatitis.  Radiology. 1999;  210 605-610
• 32 Koito K, Namieno T, Ichimura T, et al. Mucin-producing pancreatic tumors: comparison of MR cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.  Radiology. 1998;  208 231-237
• 33 Maeshiro K, Nakayama Y, Yasunami Y, et al. Diagnosis of mucin-producing tumor of the pancreas by balloon-catheter endoscopic retrograde pancreatography-compression study.  Hepatogastroenterology. 1998;  45 1986-1995
• 34 Yeh TS, Jan YY, Tseng JH, et al. Value of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in demonstrating major bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  Br J Surg. 1999;  86 181-184
• 35 Adamek HE, Albert J, Weitz M, et al. A prospective evaluation of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in patients with suspected bile duct obstruction.  Gut. 1998;  43 680-683
• 36 Reinhold C, Taourel P, Bret PM, et al. Choledocholithiasis: evaluation of MR cholangiography for diagnosis.  Radiology. 1998;  209 435-442
• 37 Zidi SH, Prat F, Le Guen O, et al. Use of magnetic resonance cholangiography in the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis: prospective comparison with a reference imaging method.  Gut. 1999;  44 118-122
• 38 Dwerryhouse SJ, Brown E, Vipond MN. Prospective evaluation of magnetic resonance cholangiography to detect common bile duct stones before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.  Br J Surg. 1998;  85 1364-1366
• 39 Sugiyama M, Atomi Y, Hachiya J. Magnetic resonance cholangiography using half-Fourier acquisition for diagnosing choledocholithiasis.  Am J Gastroenterol. 1998;  93 1886-1890
• 40 Ernst O, Asselah T, Sergent G, et al. MR cholangiography in primary sclerosing cholangitis.  Am J Roentgenol. 1998;  171 1027-1030
• 41 Schwartz LH, Coakley FV, Sun Y, et al. Neoplastic pancreaticobiliary duct obstruction: evaluation with breath-hold MR cholangiopancreatography.  Am J Roentgenol. 1998;  170 1491-1495
• 42 Coakley FV, Schwartz LH, Blumgart LH, et al. Complex postcholecystectomy biliary disorders: preliminary experience with evaluation by means of breath-hold MR cholangiography.  Radiology. 1998;  209 141-146
• 43 Park MS, Yu JS, Kim YH, et al. Acute cholecystitis: comparison of MR cholangiography and US.  Radiology. 1998;  209 781-785
• 44 Sho M, Nakajima Y, Kanehiro H, et al. A new evaluation of pancreatic function after pancreatoduodenectomy using secretin magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.  Am J Surg. 1998;  176 279-282
• 45 Hastier P, Buckley MJ, Dumas R, et al. A study of the effect of age on pancreatic duct morphology.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 53-57
• 46 Kim MH, Myung SJ, Lee SK, et al. Ballooning of the papilla during contrast injection: the semaphore of a choledochocele.  Gastrointest Endosc. 1998;  48 258-262
• 47 Kim MH, Myung SJ, Seo DW, et al. Association of periampullary diverticula with primary choledocholithiasis but not with secondary choledocholithiasis.  Endoscopy. 1998;  30 601-604
• 48 Uomo G, Molino D, Visconti M, et al. The incidence of main pancreatic duct disruption in severe biliary pancreatitis.  Am J Surg. 1998;  176 49-52
• 49 Hewitt PM, Beningfield SJ, Bornman PC, et al. Pancreatic carcinoma: diagnostic and prognostic implications of a normal pancreatogram.  Surg Endosc. 1998;  12 867-869