Genes and Olympic Performance: a Co-Twin Study

V. Klissouras; B. Casini; V. Di Salvo; M. Faina; C. Marini; F. Pigozzi; M. Pittaluga; A. Spataro; F. Taddei; P. Parisi

doi:10.1055/s-2001-13812

International Journal of Sports Medicine, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Int J Sports Med 2001; 22(4): 250-255
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-13812

Physiology and Biochemistry

Genes and Olympic Performance: a Co-Twin Study

V. Klissouras^1,5 , B. Casini¹ , V. Di Salvo^1,2 , M. Faina³ , C. Marini³ , F. Pigozzi^1,2 , M. Pittaluga¹ , A. Spataro³ , F. Taddei⁴ , P. Parisi¹

¹ Human Biology and Twin Research Center, Rome University Institute of Motor Sciences
and Department of Public Health, University of Rome-Tor Vergata, Italy
² Institute of Sport Medicine and Rome University Institute of Motor Sciences, Italy
³ Sport Science Institute, Rome, Italy
⁴ Laboratory of Psychology, Rome University Institute of Motor Sciences, Italy
⁵ University of Athens, Greece

Abstract

An Olympic gold medalist in a 20 km competitive walking race and his identical twin brother, also an Olympic athlete in the same event but with inferior performance, were tested in order to obtain some further insight into the relative importance of genetic factors in modulating athletic excellence. Both twins had undergone the same strenuous, long-term training for 19 years since the age of 15 under the guidance of the same coach. An assessment of their bio-behavioural profiles at 40 years of age, i. e. 7 years after they ceased training, revealed that intrapair differences were negligible in physiological attributes but divergent in personality traits measured. Respective values for the Olympic winner and his identical counterpart were as follows: Body mass index 23.2 and 22.7, cardiac mass index 85.4 and 84.4 g × m², squat jumping 25.3 and 27.3 cm, V˙O₂ at running speed 9 km × h^-1 33.1 and 33.6 ml × kg^-1 × min^-1, V˙O₂ max 57.1 and 58.6 ml × kg^-1 × min^-1 (72.5 ml × kg^-1 × min^-1 for the Olympic winner at age 22 yrs), reaction to anger 97 and 9 and anger expression 2 and 76 in percentile of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. Findings suggest that although genetic constitution and years of physical training are prerequisites for making an Olympic athlete, success may be largely influenced by personality traits.

Key words:

Genes, Olympic performance, physical training, personality traits, twins.

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Referenzen

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Prof. Dr. V. Klissouras

University of Athens

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