Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-13818
Tissue Expression and Plasma Concentrations of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 Following Treadmill Exercise in Mice
Publication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/sportsmed/200104/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-2001-13818-1.jpg)
Exercise can increase plasma inflammatory cytokine concentrations in humans, but tissue responses are not well studied. We examined plasma concentrations and tissue expression of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 following treadmill running in mice. C57B1/6 mice were randomly assigned to: non-exercise control (CON), sacrifice at 0 or 1.5 h after 60 min running (MOD0, MOD 1.5), sacrifice at 0, 1.5, or 3 h after fatiguing running (∼3h) (EX0, EX1.5, EX3), or lipopolysaccharide (25 μg) with no exercise (LPS). Lung, liver, muscle, and brain mRNA expression was analyzed (n = 4 - 6/group) using reverse transcriptase-rapid polymerase chain reaction (RT-RPCR). Plasma cytokine concentrations were determined (n = 4 - 10/group) by ELISA. Plasma IL-6 was higher in EX1.5, and lung TNFα mRNA was higher in EX1.5 and EX3 compared to CON (P < 0.05). No significant increases in plasma cytokine concentrations or tissue cytokine expression were found in other EX groups. LPS significantly increased these cytokine measures in tissues and plasma, with the exception of plasma IL-1β which was undetectable. The source of the plasma IL-6 following exercise does not appear to be lung, liver, muscle, or brain tissue, and remains to be determined. These data also suggest that tissue level cytokine expression may not necessarily lead to increased plasma cytokine concentrations.
Keywords:
Cytokines, running, fatigue, mRNA, RT-RPCR.
References
- 1 . Ambion Inc. .QuantumRNA. Quantitative RT-PCR Module. 9703 (1725). 1997
-
2 Bagby G J, Crouch L D, Shepherd R E.
Exercise and cytokines: spontaneous and elicited responses. In: Hoffman-Goetz L (ed) Exercise and Immune Function. Boca Raton; CRC Press 1996: 55-77 - 3 Bosenberg A T, Brock-Utne J G, Gaffin S L, Wells M T, Blake G T. Strenuous exercise causes systemic endotoxemia. J Appl Physiol. 1988; 65 106-108
- 4 Bruunsgaard H, Galbo H, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, Johansen T L, MacLean D A, Pedersen B K. Exercise-induced increase in serum interleukin-6 in humans is related to muscle damage. J Physiol. 1997; 499 833-841
- 5 Bury T B, Louis R, Radermecker M F, Pirnay F. Blood mononuclear cells mobilization and cytokines secretion during prolonged exercises. Int J Sports Med. 1996; 17 156-160.
- 6 Camus G, Deby-Dupont G, Duchateau J, Deby C, Pincemail J, Lamy M. Are similar inflammatory factors involved in strenuous exercise and sepsis?. Intensive Care Med. 1994; 20 602-610
- 7 Camus G, Poortmans J, Nys M, Deby-Dupont G, Duchateau J, Deby C, Lamy M. Mild endotoxaemia and the inflammatory response induced by a marathon race. Clin Sci. 1997; 92 415-422
- 8 Cannon J G, Fielding R A, Fiatarone M A, Orencole S F, Dinarello C A, Evans W J. Increased interleukin 1β in human skeletal muscle after exercise. Am J Physiol. 1989; 257 R451-R455
- 9 Chomczynski P. A reagent for the single-step simultaneous isolation of RNA, DNA and proteins from cell and tissue samples. Bio Techniques. 1993; 15 532-537
- 10 Davis J M, Kohut M L, Colbert L H, Jackson D A, Ghaffar A, Mayer E P. Exercise, alveolar macrophage function, and susceptibility to respiratory infection. J Appl Physiol. 1997; 83 1461-1466
- 11 Davis J M, Kohut M L, Jackson D A, Colbert L H, Mayer E P, Ghaffar A. Exercise effects on lung tumor metastases and in vitro alveolar macrophage anti-tumor cytotoxicity. Am J Physiol. 1998; 274 R1454-1459
- 12 Drenth J PH, Van Uum S HM, Van Deuren M, Pesman G J, van der Ven-Jongekrijg J, van der Meer J WM. Endurance run increases circulating IL-6 and IL-1ra but downregulates ex vivo TNF-α and IL-1β production. J Appl Physiol. 1995; 79 1497-1503
- 13 Dufaux B, Order U. Plasma elastase-α-1-antitrypsin, neopterin, tumor necrosis factor, and soluble interleukin-2 receptor after prolonged exercise. Int J Sports Med. 1989; 10 434-438.
- 14 Esperson G T, Elbæk A, Ernst E, Toft E, Kaalund S, Jersild C, Grunnet N. Effect of physical exercise on cytokines and lymphocyte subpopulations in human peripheral blood. APMIS. 1990; 98 395-400
- 15 Essig D A, Borger D R, Jackson D A. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HSP32) mRNA in skeletal muscle following contractions. Am J Physiol. 1997; 272 C59-C67
- 16 Goujon E, Parnet P, Layé S, Combe C, Dantzer R. Adrenalectomy enhances pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression, in the spleen, pituitary and brain of mice in response to lipopolysaccharide. Mol Brain Res. 1996; 36 53-62.
- 17 Kitamura H, Konno A, Morimatsu M, Jung B D, Kimura K, Saito M. Immobilization stress increases hepatic IL-6 expression in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997; 238 707-711
- 18 Nakamura A, Kohsaka T, Johns E J. Differential regulation of interleukin-6 production in the kidney by the renal sympathetic nerves in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertension. 1993; 11 491-497
- 19 Nill M R, Oberyszyn T M, Ross M S, Oberyszyn A S, Robertson F M. Temporal sequence of pulmonary cytokine gene expression in response to endotoxin in C3H/HeN endotoxin-sensitive and C3H/HeJ endotoxin-resistant mice. J Leuk Biol. 1995; 58 563-574
- 20 Ostrowski K, Rohde T, Zacho M, Asp S, Pedersen B K. Evidence that interleukin-6 is produced in human skeletal muscle during prolonged running. J Physiol. 1998; 508.3 949-953
- 21 Rivier A, Pène J, Chanez P, Anselme F, Caillaud C, Préfaut C, Godard P, Bousquet J. Release of cytokines by blood monocytes during strenuous exercise. Int J Sports Med. 1994; 15 192-198
- 22 Salkowski C A, Neta R, Wynn T A, Strassman G, van Rooijen N, Vogel S N. Effect of liposome-mediated macrophage depletion on LPS-induced cytokine gene expression and radioprotection. J Immunol. 1995; 155 3168-3179
- 23 Schöbitz B, De Kloet E R, Holsboer F. Gene expression and function of interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor in the brain. Prog Neurobiol. 1994; 44 397-432
- 24 Smith J A, Telford R D, Baker M S, Hapel A J, Weidemann M J. Cytokine immunoreactivity in plasma does not change after moderate endurance exercise. J Appl Physiol. 1992; 73 1396-1401
- 25 Tan S S, Weis J H. Development of a sensitive reverse transcriptase PCR assay, RT-RPCR, utilizing rapid cycle times. PCR Methods Appl. 1992; 2 137-143
- 26 Taylor C R. Structural and functional limits to oxidative metabolism: insights from scaling. Ann Rev Physiol. 1987; 49 135-146
- 27 Ulich T R, Guo K, Remick D, delCastillo J, Yin S. Endotoxin-induced cytokine gene expression in vivo. III. IL-6 mRNA and serum protein expression and the in vivo hematologic effects of IL-6. J Immunol. 1991; 146 2316-2323
- 28 Ullum H, Haahr P M, Diamant M, Palmø J, Halkjær-Kristensen J, Pedersen B K. Bicycle exercise enhances plasma IL-6 but does not change IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, or TNFα pre-mRNA in BMNC. J Appl Physiol. 1994; 77 93-97
- 29 Zhou D, Kusnecov A W, Shurin M R, DePaoli M, Rabin B S. Exposure to physical and psychological stressors elevates plasma interleukin 6: relationship to the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Endocrinol. 1993; 133 2523-2530
J. M. Davis
Department of Exercise Science
University of South Carolina
Columbia, SC 29208
USA
Phone: Phone:+ 01 (803)777-6881
Fax: Fax:+ 01 (803)777-8422
Email: E-mail:mdavis@sph.se.edu