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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-13887
Immunhistochemischer Nachweis von Hormonen in Hypophysenadenomen der Ratte nach fraktionierter Bestrahlung
Immunohistochemical Detection of Hormones in Rat Pituitary Adenomas Following Fractionated IrradiationPublication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Es war das Ziel dieser immunhistologischen Untersuchung, die Hormonbildung in Hypophysenadenomen der Ratte nach fraktionierter Bestrahlung zu bestimmen. Die Adenome fanden sich in Studien zur Strahlenwirkung im Kopf-Halsgebiet. Methode: Die linke Hals- und Schädelbasisregion von sechzig, 3 - 4 Monate alten, weiblichen Wistar-Ratten wurde mit 2 Gray täglich bis zu einer Gesamtdosis von 20, 40 oder 60 Gy halbseitig bestrahlt, wobei die Mittellinie stets im Strahlenfeld lag. Die Tiere wurden entweder 6 oder 12 Monate nach supravitaler Anästhesie obduziert. 5 unbestrahlte Ratten dienten als Kontrolle. Ergebnisse: Bei den unbestrahlten Tieren zeigte sich während des Beobachtungsjahrs kein Tumor. Von 60 bestrahlten Tieren entwickelten 9 (15 %) ein Hypophysenadenom (HPAD). In randständigen Resten normalen Drüsengewebes wurde Immunreaktivität für Wachstumshormon (GH), adrenocorticotropes Hormon (ACTH), Prolaktin (PRL), thyreoidea-stimulierendes Hormon (TSH) und follikel-stimulierendes Hormon (FSH) nachgewiesen. Bei den HPAD waren 4 Tumoren positiv für TSH-, 4 für GH-, 2 für PRL- sowie 2 für FSH-Antikörper, alle hingegen negativ nach Inkubation mit anti-ACTH- bzw. anti-LH (luteinisierendes Hormon)-Antikörpern. Die Kombination hormon-produzierender Zellen der HPAD war sehr variabel. Andererseits waren 4 von 9 HPAD nicht hormonaktiv. Schlussfolgerungen: Die externe Bestrahlung kann die Entwicklung von HPAD bei Ratten beschleunigen. Die Hormonaktivität ist inkonstant und variabel. Bei experimentellen Studien zu Strahlenreaktionen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich sollte die Hirnsektion erfolgen.
Immunohistochemical Detection of Hormones in Rat Pituitary Adenomas Following Fractionated Irradiation
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the hormones produced in pituitary gland tumours (TM) following fractionated external irradiation in rats. The TM arose in the course of studies on other questions of radiation effects. Methods: The left neck and skull base of sixty female Wistar rats, 3 to 4 months of age at the beginning of the external irradiation, were subjected to roentgen rays exposure, fractionated to 2 Grays daily, either up to 20, 40 or 60 Gy. The midline of the neck and skull was always inside the radiation field. The animals were sacrificed either 6 months or 12 months after completion of the randomly assigned irradiation protocol. Five non-irradiated rats served as controls. Results: No TM developed in the non-irradiated animals. Out of 60 irradiated rats 9 developed a pituitary TM (15 %). In remnants of the normal adenohypophysis we revealed immunohistochemical reactivity for growth hormone (GH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). In the radiation-induced adenomas, 4 TM were immunoreactive for TSH, 4 for GH, 2 for PRL, and 2 for FSH. The TM did not react with anti-ACTH and anti-LH (luteinizing hormone) antisera. Conclusions: Obviously, irradiation accelerates the development of pituitary gland adenomas. In this series the TM were predominantly incidental findings at necropsies after pretermed follow-up intervals with a variety of hormone-producing cells. On the other hand, four of nine TM were null adenomas. Necropsies of the brain should be carried out routinely in irradiation studies of the skull.
Schlüsselwörter:
Hypophysenadenome - Unerwünschte Strahlenwirkungen - Strahleninduzierte Adenome - Hypophysenhormone
Key words:
Pituitary tumours - Irradiation adverse effects - Radiation-induced adenoma - Pituitary hormones
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Dr. Sylva Bartel-Friedrich
Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Kopf- und Halschirurgie
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Magdeburger Straße 12
06097 Halle a. d. S.