Aktivität und Depression

Zusammenfassung

Anliegen: Veränderungen motorischen Verhaltens bei depressiven Patienten stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit sozialen Aktivitäten und interpersoneller Kommunikation und sind relevant für Diagnose und Therapie. Die Aktigraphie ist eine praktikable Methode zur Analyse motorischer Aktivierung. Es soll daher ein Überblick über die Aktigraphie und über empirische Befunde zur motorischen Aktivität depressiver Patienten gegeben werden. Methodik: Recherchiert wurden Informationsmaterial der Hersteller und Veröffentlichungen in MEDLINE, PsycLIT und PSYNDEX und sekundär deren Literaturverzeichnisse. Die Befunde werden unter klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten diskutiert. Ergebnisse: Verschiedene Aktigraphen lassen sich entsprechend der jeweiligen Fragestellung einstellen. Aktigraphische Analysen befassen sich mit Diagnostik, Schlafstörungen, Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens und Effekten therapeutischer Interventionen. Schlussfolgerungen: Die individuelle Regulation der motorischen Aktivierung als Verhaltensmerkmal könnte zukünftig verstärkt als objektiver Parameter in Diagnostik und Therapieevaluation depressiver und anderer psychiatrischer Störungen genutzt werden.

Motor Behavior in Depression: Applications and Limitations of Actigraphic Analyses

Objective: Alterations of motor behavior in depression play a key role in psychosocial activities and interpersonal communication and are relevant for differential diagnosis and treatment. Functions and application of actigraphy and empirical findings in depression will be summarised and discussed. Methods: The current knowledge retrieved from information of manufacturers, Medline, PsycLIT, and PSYNDEX regarding features of actigraphic equipment and clinical aspects of gross motor analysis in depression was examined. Results: Actigraphy is a practical method to monitor and quantify gross motor activity, but setting variables including sensitivity or epoch length vary among commercially available instruments. Measures of motor activity in depressed patients are used for diagnosis, evaluation of sleep, and prediction of treatment response. Conclusions: Measurements of motor behavior by actigraphy can be used in depression for diagnostic procedures and treatment evaluation. The role of actigraphic setting variables needs further clarification. Actigraphy may be used for behavioral analysis including individual regulation of motor activity as an objective parameter for evaluation of depression and other psychiatric disorders.

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