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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15713
Das angiozentrische T/NK-Zell-Lymphom - eine spezielle klinisch-pathologische Entität des letalen Mittelliniengranulomes: eine Fallbeschreibung
Angiocentric T/NK-Cell Lymphoma - A Special Clinico-Pathologic Entity of Lethal Midline Granuloma: A Case ReportPublication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Das Mittelliniengranulom-Syndrom (MGS) ist ein klinischer Begriff für ein ganzes Spektrum von Erkrankungen, deren Hauptmerkmal eine aggressive und progrediente Destruktion des Mittelgesichts und des oberen Aerodigestivtraktes ist. Nur wenige Erkrankungen kommen in die engere Differenzialdiagnose: die Wegenersche Granulomatose (WG), das maligne Lymphom und die idiopathische Mittelliniendestruktion (idiopathic midline destructive disease, IMDD). Letztere wird in ihrer Existenz heute bezweifelt. Nach Ausschluss der WG werden heute die meisten aller Mittelliniengranulome durch periphere sinonasale angiozentrische T/NK-Zell-Lymphome verursacht. Diese nasalen Lymphome haben eine enge Assoziation mit dem Epstein-Barr-Virus und einen aggressiven Verlauf mit ungünstiger Prognose. Patient: Berichtet wird von einem 35-jährigen Patienten mit einem angiozentrischen T/NK-Zell-Lymphom, welches den Sinus maxillaris und ethmoidalis beidseits, den Tränensack links sowie den Gaumen einbezog. Das klinische Bild glich zunächst einer chronisch-rezidivierenden Sinusitis. Unter der Verdachtsdiagnose eines lokalen M. Wegener erfolgte zunächst für 2 Jahre eine immunsuppressive Therapie mit Kortikoiden, mehrfach erfolgten Nasennebenhöhlen-Operationen. Nach Auftreten von massiven Destruktionen im Mittelgesichtsbereich wurde das Lymphom diagnostiziert. Resultat: Trotz sofortiger Durchführung einer kombinierten hochdosierten Radiochemotherapie verstarb der Patient nur 3 Monate später an Multiorganversagen. Schlussfolgerung: Das angiozentrische T/NK-Zell-Lymphom als spezielle klinisch-pathologische Entität sollte bereits früh in die Differenzialdiagnose des Mittelliniensyndromes einbezogen werden, zumal eine schnellere Diagnose durch korrekte Biopsietechnik und den Nachweis von EBV mittels In-situ-Hybridisierung möglich ist. Die frühzeitige aggressive hochdosierte Radiotherapie gilt als wichtigstes Standbein der Therapie. Die Wertigkeit der Chemotherapie wird derzeit noch kontrovers diskutiert.
Angiocentric T/NK-Cell Lymphoma - A Special Clinico-Pathologic Entity of Lethal Midline Granuloma: A Case Report
Background: The term „midline granuloma syndrome” (MGS) is a clinical description of a broad spectrum of diseases, which are characterised by aggressive and progressive destruction of mucosa and adjacent structures of the midface and upper aerodigestive tract. After exclusion of granulomatous infections, rare granulomatous diseases and epithelial neoplasias, the differential diagnosis includes the following entities: Wegener’s granulomatosis (WG), malignant lymphoma and idiopathic midline destructive disease (IMDD). Today there are doubts about the existence of IMDD. After exclusion of WG nearly all remaining cases presenting as MGS are peripheral sinonasal angiocentric T- and/or NK-cell lymphomas, which show a close association to Epstein-Barr virus infection and now are recognised as a special clinicopathological entity. The natural history of these lymphomas is characterised through a rapidly progressive course with a poor prognosis. Patient: A case of a 35-year-old male patient with an angiocentric nasal T/NK-cell lymphoma, which involved the left lacrimal cyst, the left maxillar and ethmoid sinus as well as the soft and hard palates, is presented. First clinical signs and symptoms were similar to chronic-recurrent sinusitis. For almost two years the patient was treated with systemic corticoids for suspected limited Wegener’s granulomatosis. The patient underwent sinus surgery for pansinusitis three times. After development of midline destructive disease the diagnosis of angiocentric lymphoma was established. Results: Soon after the diagnosis a combination high-dose radiochemotherapy was performed. The patient died only 3 months later because of multiorgan failure. Conclusions: Because of its poor prognosis the angiocentric nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma should included early into the differential diagnosis of the midline granuloma syndrome. Correct biopsy technic and in situ hybridization of EBV can be important for an early diagnosis. Therapy should be aggressive and consists of high-dose radiotherapy, which is most important to reach local tumor control, and combination chemotherapy, the use of which is presently in discussion.
Schlüsselwörter:
Sinunasales Lymphom - Nasales T-Zell-Lymphom - Letales Mittelliniengranulom - Angiozentrisches Lymphom - T/NK-Zell-Lymphom
Key words:
Sinonasal lymphoma - Nasal T-cell lymphoma - Lethal midline granuloma - Angiocentric lymphoma - T/NK-cell lymphoma
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Dr. med. Michael Koch
Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
Waldstraße 1
91054 Erlangen
Email: E-mail: Michael-Koch@rzmail.uni-erlangen.de