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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15716
Die akute invasive und fulminant verlaufende Pilzsinusitis bei immunsupprimierten Patienten
Acute and Fulminant Fungal Sinusitis in Immunosuppressed PatientsPublication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Akute invasive und fulminant verlaufende Pilzsinusitiden sind seltene Komplikationen, die zu lebensbedrohenden Komplikationen führen können. Betroffen sind in erster Linie immunsupprimierte Patienten. Die Zunahme der opportunistischen systemischen Mykosen führt auch dazu, dass der HNO-Arzt in seiner stationären und Konsiliartätigkeit zunehmend mit diesen Fällen und Fragestellungen zur operativen Intervention konfrontiert wird. Patienten: Wir berichten exemplarisch über 2 Fälle einer invasiven und fulminant verlaufenden Aspergillose der Nasennebenhöhlen bei Immunsuppression. Trotz systemischer antimykotischer und operativer Therapie kam es in beiden Fällen zu intrakraniellen und zum Teil systemischen Komplikationen mit letalem Verlauf. Schlussfolgerungen: Bei immunsupprimierten Patienten muss an eine invasive Pilzsinusitis gedacht werden, wenn periorbitale Entzündungszeichen, einseitige Transparenzminderungen der Nasennebenhöhlen und Knochenarrosionen nachweisbar sind. Dabei spielen pathogene Aspergillusspezies eine vordergründige Rolle. Die in vielen Fällen letal verlaufende Erkrankung einer akuten invasiven Pilzsinusitis fordert eine schnelle Diagnostik und Therapie sowie interdisziplinäre Kooperation. Ob und wann eine limitierte oder ausgedehnte chirurgische Intervention erfolgen soll, bleibt aufgrund der Seltenheit dieses Krankheitsbildes und der geringen Erfahrungen mit dieser Erkrankung noch immer ein kontrovers diskutiertes Problem. Indikation und Prognose werden entscheidend von der Grunderkrankung, der Immunitätslage, der speziellen Form der invasiven Pilzsinusitis und dem Grad der Gewebsinvasion bestimmt.
Acute and Fulminant Fungal Sinusitis in Immunosuppressed Patients
Background: Acute and invasive fungal sinusitis represent rare diseases which can lead to life threatening complications. Immunosuppressed patients are affected primarily. The expansion of transplantation medicine and the progress in therapy of malignant diseases of the lymphatic system are associated with an increase of opportunistic systemic mycoses. Therefore the otorhinolaryngologist is confronted increasingly with these problems and questions for surgery, especially if the symptom of a periorbital inflammation occurs as a sign for a beginning orbital complication and radiological signs of involvement of the paranasal sinuses exist. Patients: We report exemplary about two immunosuppressed patients with an invasive and fulminant fungal aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses. In spite of systemic antifungal therapy and surgical intervention, intracranial and systemic complications caused a lethal course. Conclusions: In immunosuppressed patients with clinical and radiological signs for a sinusitis and a periorbital inflammation an invasive fungal sinusitis should be considered. Pathogenic aspergillus species are the most common identified in fungal sinusitis. The disease with often lethal outcome requires a careful and fast diagnostic and therapy as well as interdisciplinary cooperation. If and when limited or extensive surgery should be performed remains, because of the rarity and the lacking experience with this disease, still a controversially discussed issue and depends on several factors: the kind of disease, the immunity, the subtype of invasive fungal sinusitis and the degree of tissue invasion.
Schlüsselwörter:
Fulminant - Sinusitis - Mykose - Aspergillose - Immunsuppression
Key words:
Fulminant - Sinusitis - Fungal - Aspergillosis - Immunosuppression
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Dr. med. Leif Erik Walther
Universitäts-HNO-Klinik
Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Lessingstraße 2
07740 Jena
Email: E-mail: Leif.Walther@med.uni-jena.de