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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-15976
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Lean Body Mass (LBM) als eigener Osteoporose-Risikofaktor bei postmenopausalen Frauen
Lean Body Mass as a Risk Factor for Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal WomenPublication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Osteoporose-Prävention mittels HRT muss mit zunehmend kritischerer Nutzen-Risiko-Diskussion gezielter indiziert werden.
Methode
Dazu wird ein Risikofaktor dargestellt, der heute leicht und kostengünstig erfahrbar ist - ohne zusätzliche Belastung der Patienten. Bei 821 postmenopausalen Frauen mit Knochendichtemessung (Bone Mineral Density [BMD] mittels DEXA-Methode) erfolgte eine Körpermasse-Analyse zur Abschätzung der fettfreien Körpermasse (Lean Body Mass [LBM] mittels bioelektrischem Impedanzverfahren).
LBM (≤ 40 kg [28 %], 40 < x ≤ 45 kg [40 %], 45 < x ≤ 50 kg [22 %], > 50 kg [10 %]) wurde mit Knochendichtewerten, Alter sowie Osteoporose-Risikofaktoren in Beziehung gebracht. Von besonderem Interesse war der Vergleich zwischen Frauen ohne HRT (n = 414) und jenen mit HRT > 5 Jahre (n = 151).
Ergebnisse
Frauen mit LBM ≤ 40 kg und ohne HRT hatten doppelt sooft „schlechte“ Knochendichte-Werte (≤ 0,8 g/cm²) als jene ohne HRT mit > 50 kg LBM: 41 % zu 19 %. Bei „guten“ BMD-Werten (> 1,0 g/cm²) war die LBM-Knochendichte-Relation umgekehrt: 11 % zu 32 %. Wurde > 5 Jahre HRT praktiziert, so hatten Frauen mit LBM ≤ 40 kg wenig häufiger „schlechte“ Knochendichte-Werte (≤ 0,8 g/cm2) als jene mit LBM > 50 kg: 17 % zu 12 %.
LBM und Alter: Beim hier erfassten postmenopausalen Kollektiv zwischen dem 45. und 80. Lebensjahr zeigten sich diesbezüglich keine signifikanten Beziehungen.
LBM unter Berücksichtigung der Fettmasse: Letztere wurde in Prozent vom Körpergewicht ermittelt: beim Quartil der „Schlanken“ (≤ 29 % Fettanteil) und beim Quartil der „Übergewichtigen“ (> 43 % Fettanteil) ergaben sich keine altersbezogenen signifikanten Zusammenhänge zu LBM.
LBM und manifeste Osteoporose: Bei Frauen ohne HRT und LBM ≤ 40 kg war Osteoporose 3-mal sooft anamnestisch bekannt als bei jenen mit > 50 kg LBM: 33 % zu 11 %. In der HRT-Gruppe war die Relation 29 % zu 19 %.
LBM und Sport/körperliche Bewegung: Die Angaben der Frauen dazu waren ohne Bezug zu den ermittelten LBM-Werten.
Schlussfolgerung
Mit Lean Body Mass (LBM) als fettfreier Körpermasse lässt sich die Muskelmasse abschätzen. Mittels bioelektrischem Impedanzverfahren gelingt dies mit geringem Zeit-/Kostenaufwand und ohne Patienten-Belastung. Bei Frauen nach der Menopause nützen LBM-Werte der Beurteilung des Osteoporose-Risikos.
Summary
Objective
We studied the lean body mass (LBM) as a potential, easily measured prognostic factor for osteoporosis.
Methods
Lean body mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in 821 postmenopausal women (age 45 - 80 years). Patients were classified according to LBM (≤ 40 kg, 28 %; > 40 - ≤ 45 kg, 40 %; > 45 - ≤ 50 kg, 22 %; > 50 kg, 10 %). Contingency table analysis was performed to analyze associations between BMD, age, and risk factors for osteoporosis, particularly hormone replacement therapy (HRT). BMD values ≤ 0.8 g/cm² and > 1.0 g/cm² were classified as low and high, respectively.
Results
Among women without HRT, those with LBM ≤ 40 kg had a twice as high rate of low BMD than those with LBM > 50 (41 % vs. 19 %, respectively) and a lower rate of high BMD (11 % vs. 32 %, respectively). Among women with > 5 years of HRT, those with a LBM ≤ 40 kg had a similar rate of low BMD as those with a LBM > 50 kg (17 % and 12 %, respectively). There were no significant differences in LBM according to age. There were no age-related associations with LBM in women with a fat mass > 43 % or ≤ 29 %. A history of osteoporosis was more common in women without HRT and a LBM ≤ 40 kg than in those with a LBW > 50 kg (33 % vs. 11 %, respectively); in women with HRT the proportions were 29 % and 19 %, respectively. There was no significant correlation between LBM and physical activity.
Conclusions
Measurement of LBM is useful for estimating muscle mass. A bioelectrical impedance technique is economical in time and cost and well tolerated by patients. In postmenopausal women the LBM is helpful for evaluating the risk of osteoporosis.
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Prof. Dr. J. M. Wenderlein
Universitätsfrauenklinik Ulm
Prittwitzstraße 43
89075 Ulm