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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-16019
Beatmungsfilter und Pneumonie in der Intensivmedizin: viele ungelöste Fragen
Heat and moisture exchanging filters and pneumonia: many unresolved questionsPublication History
Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)
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Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Der Einsatz von passiven Befeuchtern mit Filtereigenschaften in der Intensivmedizin führt im Vergleich zu aktiven Befeuchtungssystemen zu einer Kostenreduktion. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Frage nach, ob inzwischen ausreichend Hinweise existieren, um die Anwendung dieser Beatmungsfilter auch im Hinblick auf die Pneumonieprävention zu empfehlen. Wenn ja, welche Wechselintervalle und welche Filtermaterialien sind zu bevorzugen?
Methodik: Die in den letzten Jahren publizierten randomisierten kontrollierten Studien mit der Zielgröße Pneumonie sowie weitere prospektive klinische Untersuchungen wurden systematisch analysiert.
Ergebnisse: Die Studien ergaben, dass weder ein eindeutiger Vorteil noch ein Nachteil der Beatmungsfilter im Hinblick auf die Pneumonieprävention besteht. Auch zu den Wechselintervallen und den am besten geeigneten Filtermaterialien kann aufgrund der Studienlage nicht abschließend Stellung genommen werden. Die Daten weisen aber auf die Möglichkeit der Ausdehnung der Wechselintervalle auf 72 Stunden ohne Nachteil für die Patienten hin und zeigen den wahrscheinlich sehr geringen Einfluss der Materialien der Beatmungsfilter.
Folgerungen: Aufgrund des ökonomischen Vorteils der Anwendung von Beatmungsfiltern im Vergleich zur aktiven Befeuchtung sollte ihrer Anwendung - abgesehen von individuellen Kontraindikationen bei einzelnen Patienten - der Vorzug gegeben werden.
Heat and moisture exchanging filters and pneumonia: many unresolved questions
Background and objective: The use of heat and moisture exchanging filters (HMEF) instead of conventional heated humidifiers is a cost-effective method in intensive care medicine. It was the objective of this paper to investigate the evidence for HMEF from the viewpoint of prevention of pneumonia and to investigate the appropriate changing intervals as well as filter materials.
Method: Randomised controlled trials published in recent years and focusing on prevention of pneumonia as well as other prospective controlled studies were reviewed systematically.
Results: The studies demonstrate neither a clear advantage nor disadvantage of HMEF. No final statement is possible concerning changing intervals and the most appropriate filter materials. However, the data give some evidence for a possible extension of changing intervals to 72 hours without harm to the patients and probably show very little influence of filter materials.
Conclusion: Because of the economic advantages of HMEF instead of an active humidification, the use of filters - with the exception of contraindications for individual patients - should be preferred.
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Korrespondenz
Prof. Dr. med. Petra Gastmeier
Arbeitsbereich Krankenhaushygiene, Institut
für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Medizinische Hochschule
Hannover
Phone: 0511/5325172
Fax: 0511/532 4366
Email: Gastmeier.Petra@mh-hannover.de