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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-16570
J.A.Barth Verlag in Medizinverlage Heidelberg GmbH & Co.KG
Inzidenz von Komplikationen der Schraubenosteosynthese von Frakturen des Dens axis
Literaturübersicht, Ergebnisse und ManagementIncidence of complications of the screw osteosynthesis of odontoid process fracturesPublication History
Publication Date:
23 August 2001 (online)
Incidence of complications of the screw osteosynthesis of odontoid process fractures
Summary
In this retrospective clinical study the incidence of complications in 58 consecutive, with anterior screw fixation stabilized patients after fractures of the odontoid process is evaluated. In 51 patients the fracture has been defined as type II according to Anderson, in 6 patients an oblique type II fracture was present and one patient showed a cephalad type III fracture. Preoperatively, in only 19 % of the patients (n = 11) no dislocation of the dens occurred. 32 patients were treated with single screw osteosynthesis, in 26 patients two screws were implanted. Significant complications with clinical relevance were registered in 14 patients (24 %), in 10 cases (17 %) an operative reintervention was required. Intraoperatively, in one patient a rupture of the carotid artery while winding around the motor drill occurred and in another case a complete malplacement of the screw posteriorly to the odontoid process was observed. A clearly excentric positioning of the implant was evaluated in 5 patients with a consecutive high rate of implant migration (n = 3). Two patients died perioperatively not related to the cervical injury. Postoperatively, one patient with a wound infection due to an iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus required reoperation as well as 4 patients with instability because of implant migration. Patients beyond the age of 65 years (n = 3) were significantly overrepresented in that group. In one case, the secondary intervention was caused by a pseudarthrosis of the dens axis. Complications without any relevance to the clinical and functional long term result were fusions in malposition of the odontoid process in 14 patients (24 %) and 10 (17 %) marginal screw perforations laterally. Differences in the use of one or two screws have not been observed in this study, although the investigations showed a tendency between marginal lateral screw perforations and double screw osteosynthesis and an increasing number of complications in the geriatric cohort.
Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende retrospektive Studie evaluiert die Inzidenz von Komplikationen bei einem geschlossenen Patientenkollektiv nach Stabilisierung von Dens axis-Frakturen durch Kompressionsschraubenosteosynthese. Bei 51 Patienten lagen Frakturen vom Typ Anderson II, bei 6 Patienten Frakturen vom Typ Anderson II mit Schrägverlauf und bei einem Patienten eine hohe Typ Anderson III-Fraktur vor. Präoperativ lag bei 19 % der Patienten (n = 11) keine Dislokation des Dens axis vor. Bei 32 Patienten erfolgte eine Einfach- und bei 26 eine Doppelschraubenosteosynthese. Bei 14 (24 %) Patienten wurden Komplikationen mit klinischer Relevanz registriert, wobei 10 (17 %) von diesen Komplikationen revisionspflichtig waren. Intraoperativ kam es in einem Fall zu einem Abriss der A. carotis interna die sich um den Bohrer wickelte sowie zu einer kompletten Schraubenfehllage dorsal am Fragment vorbei. Eine vom Zentrum deutlich abweichende Implantatplatzierung fand sich bei 5 Patienten, bei denen sich im weiteren Verlauf eine hohe Inzidenz (n = 3) an Implantatmigrationen zeigte. Zwei Patienten verstarben unabhängig von der HWS-Verletzung. Postoperativ war ein Patient mit einem tiefen Weichteilinfekt nach iatrogener Oesophagusperforation revisionspflichtig, bei 4 Patienten erfolgte die Revision wegen Implantatmigrationen, Patienten jenseits des 65. Lebensjahres (n = 3) waren in dieser Gruppe deutlich überrepräsentiert. In einem Fall erfolgte der Zweiteingriff aufgrund einer Denspseudarthrose. Eine klinisch funktionell im Verlauf nicht relevante Komplikation war die nicht achsengerechte Einstellung des Densfragmentes bei 14 (24 %) und die marginale laterale Schraubenperforation bei 10 (17 %) Patienten. Tendenziell ergaben sich vermehrt Schraubenperforationen nach Doppelverschraubung und eine vermehrte Komplikationsbelastung des geriatrischen Patienten.
Key words
Odontoid process fracure - screw osteosynthesis - complication - management
Schlüsselwörter
Dens axis-Fraktur - Schraubenosteosynthese - Komplikationen - Management
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Dr. med. Markus Arand
Arzt für Chirurgie und Unfallchirurgie
Abteilung
für Unfallchirurgie, Hand-,
Plastische- und
Wiederherstellungschirurgie
der Universität Ulm
Steinhövelstraße 9
D-89075 Ulm