Examination of Lectins, Polysaccharopeptide, Polysaccharide, Alkaloid, Coumarin and Trypsin Inhibitors for Inhibitory Activity Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Reverse Transcriptase and Glycohydrolases

Abstract

A variety of lectins were tested in vitro for inhibitory action against the activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase and the N-glycohydrolases (α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase). Lectins from Phaseolus vulgaris, Momordica charantia, Ricinus communis and its constituent chains, and Agaricus bisporus were able to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. P. vulgaris lectin and A. bisporus lectin were the most potent. The aforementioned lectins had only weak or no inhibitory effects on the glycohydrolases. The inhibitory effect of polysaccharopeptide from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and α-glucosidase was enhanced after chemical modification with chlorosulfonic acid. However, the inhibitory effect of the algal polysaccharide fucoidan on HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and α-glucosidase was not augmented by sulfation. Trypsin inhibitors from Phaseolus lunatus and Glycine max, gossypol and alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo were able to inhibit HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Dicoumarol was capable of inhibiting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase.

References

• 1 Ng T B, Huang B, Fong W P, Yeung H W. Anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) natural products with special emphasis on HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors.  Life Sciences. 1997;  61 933-49
• 2 Balzarini J, Neyts J, Schols D, Hosoya M, Van Damme E, Peumans W. The mannose-specific plant lectins from Cymbidium hybrid and Epiopactis helleborine and the (N-acetylglucosamine)_n-specific plant lectin from Urtica dioica are potent and selective inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus and cytomegalovirus replication in vitro .  Antiviral Research. 1992;  18 191-207
• 3 Presant C A, Kornfeld S. J. Characterization of the cell surface receptor for the Agaricus bisporus hemagglutinin.  Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1972;  247 6937-45
• 4 Ng T B, Wong C M, Li W W, Yeung H W. Isolation and characterization of a galactose binding lectin with insulinomimetic activites from the seeds of the bitter gourd Momordica charantia (Cucurbitaceae).  International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research. 1986;  28 163-72
• 5 Yao X J, Wainberg M A, Parniak M A. Mechanism of inhibition of HIV-1 infection in vitro by purified extracts of Prunella vulgaris .  Virology. 1992;  187 56-62
• 6 Ngan F, Chang R S, Tabba H D, Smith K M. Isolation, purification and partial characterization of an active HIV compound from the Chinese medicinal herb Viola yedoensis .  Antiviral Research. 1988;  10 107-16
• 7 Nakashima H, Kido Y, Kobayashi N, Motoki Y, Neshul M, Yamamoto N. Purification of an avian myelobastosis and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitor, sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae.  Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology. 1987;  113 413-6
• 8 Nishino T, Nishioka C, Ura H, Nagumo T. Isolation and characterization of a novel amino acid-containing fucan sulfate from commercial Fucus vesiculosus fucoidan.  Carbohydrate Research. 1994;  255 213-24
• 9 Swart P J, Kuipers M E, Smit C, Pauwels R, de Bethune M P, de Clerq E, Meijer D KF, Huisman J G. Antiviral effects of milk proteins: acylation results in polyanionic compounds with potent activity against human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 in vitro .  AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 1996;  12 769-75
• 10 Schoen P, Corver J, Meijer D KF, Wilschut J, Swart P J. Inhibition of influenza virus fusion by polyanionic proteins.  Biochemistry and Pharmacology. 1997;  53 995-1003
• 11 Birk Y. The Bowman-Birk inhibitor. Trypsin- and chymotrypsin-inhibitor from soybeans.  International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research. 1985;  25 113-24
• 12 Auerswald E A, Schubert A, Dolinar M, Gurtler L, Deinhardt F. (K15R M52E) aprotinin is a weak Kunitz-type inhibitor of HIV-1 replication in H9 cells.  Biomedica and Biochimica Acta. 1991;  50 697-700
• 13 Tan G T, Pezzuto J M, Kinghorn A D, Hughes S H. Evaluation of natural products as inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase.  Journal of Natural Products. 1991;  54 143-54
• 14 Zhou R H, Lin X D. Isolation of (-)-gossypol from natural plant.  Contraception. 1988;  37 239-45
• 15 Patil A D, Freyer A J, Eggleston D S, Haltwanger R C, Bean M F, Taylor P B, Caranfa M J, Breen A L, Bartus H R. The inophyllums, novel inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase isolated from the Malaysian tree, Calophyllum inophyllum L.  Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 1992;  2 1529-34
• 16 Hudson J B, Graham E A, Harris L, Ashwood-Smith M J. The unusual UVA-dependent antiviral properties of the furoisocoumarin coriandrin.  Biochemistry and Photobiology. 1993;  57 491-6
• 17 Daenens P, Van Buven M. Separation of some therapeutically important coumarins and related compounds by thin-layer chromatography.  Journal of Chromatography. 1971;  57 319-21
• 18 Tan G T, Miller J F, Kinghorn A D, Hughes S H, Pezzuto JM. HIV-1 and HIV-2 reverse transcriptases: a comparative study of sensitivity to inhibition by selected natural products.  Biochemical and Biophysical Research Commununications. 1992;  185 370-8
• 19 Hallock Y F, Dai J, Bokesch H R, Dillah K B, Manfred K P, Cardellina J H, Boyd M R. Preparative separation of naphthyltetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids from Ancistrocladus korupensis by centrifugal partition chromatography.  Journal of Chromatography A. 1994;  688 83-8
• 20 Collins R A, Ng T B, Fong W P, Wan C C, Yeung H W. A comparison of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection by partially purified aqueous extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs.  Life Sciences. 1997;  60 PL 345-51