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DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-17685
Das Monitoring des Verbrennungsschocks mittels transpulmonaler Indikatorverfahren
Transpulmonary Indicator Dilution: An Alternative Approach for Hemodynamic Monitoring of Burn ShockPublication History
Publication Date:
09 October 2001 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Die pathophysiologischen Veränderungen des Kreislaufsystems beim Verbrennungsschock sind einmalig. Die ausgeprägte Störung der Schrankenfunktion der Gefäßwand, die generalisierte intrazelluläre Ödembildung und die myokardiale Dysfunktion führen zu globalen und regionalen Zirkulationsstörungen, die die jedes anderen Traumas übertreffen. Der Wunsch, die Flüssigkeitsverschiebungen bei diesen Patienten nachvollziehen zu können, um eine individuell angepasste, optimierte Volumentherapie zu ermöglichen, bleibt bestehen. Mit der transpulmonalen Thermodilution steht uns seit einigen Jahren ein Verfahren zur Verfügung, das diesen Wunsch zu erfüllen scheint. Diese Methode erlaubt die direkte Volumenmessung verschiedener Kompartimente, und bietet neben üblichen Parametern, wie Herzzeitvolumen, Gefäßwiderstand und Sauerstoffangebot, zusätzliche pathophysiologische Parameter, wie der des totalen zirkulierenden Blutvolumens (TBV), des intrathorakalen Blutvolumens (ITBV), des extravaskulären Lungenwassers (EVLW) und der hepatischen Indocyaninclearance. Damit ist der schwierige Kompromiss zwischen Organperfusion und Ödembildung fundierter einzugehen und eine rationale Volumengabe kann anhand von Messwerten anstatt von empirischen Formeln erfolgen. Im Folgenden sollen eine kurze Einführung in die Prinzipien der TPID und unsere Erfahrungen mit der Verwendung dieser Methode zur Steuerung der Schocktherapie bei Schwerbrandverletzten dargestellt werden.
Transpulmonary Indicator Dilution: An Alternative Approach for Hemodynamic Monitoring of Burn Shock
The pathophysiologic changes following thermal injury exceed those of any other trauma we know. Myocardial depression, capillary leakage and extravascular edema lead to hemodynamic collapse and organ failure, if not adequately treated. Being able to objectively measure these extreme fluid shifts would allow an individually based fluid treatment instead of the traditional, formula based shock therapy. The transpulmonary thermodilution (TPID) allows an individually based burn resuscitation, which uses measurements of intravascular volume deficits as guide for fluid therapy. This technique utilizes a computerized analysis of double-indicator (temperature and dye) dilution, and has been successfully used to manage the therapy of critically ill patients, especially following cardiac surgery. The technique requires only a central venous catheter and an arterial fiber optic thermistor catheter inserted into the femoral artery. TPID determines the intrathoracic blood volume that has been shown to reflect circulatory filling and volume status more precisely than CVP and PCWP. Additionally extravascular lung water can be determined, which may offer a precise estimation of the interstitial water in the lung. This allows a rational substitution of fluid during burn shock; restoring intravascular volumes while being able to monitor the interstitial fluid of the lung to avoid pulmonary edema. The aim of this article is to provide an introduction to the basic principles of TPID and an evaluation of our experience with this technique for guidance of shock therapy of severely burned patients.
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Dr. med. Charlotte Holm
Abteilung für Plastische Chirurgie
Zentrum für Schwerbrandverletzte
Krankenhaus München-Bogenhausen
Englschalkingerstraße 77
81925 München
Phone: + 49/89-92702030
Fax: + 49/89-92702036
Email: wmuehlbauer@t-online.de