Zusammenfassung
Neurobiologische Befunde bei Patienten mit der Diagnose einer Pädophilie liegen kaum
vor. Wir berichten über erste Befunde unter Einsatz der funktionellen Kernspintomographie
(fMRI) bei einem sich im Maßregelvollzug befindenden psychisch kranken Straftäter
mit der Diagnose einer homosexuellen Pädophilie. Die funktionelle Kernspintomographie
ermöglicht nichtinvasiv die Darstellung zerebraler Aktivierungsmuster bei der Präsentation
definierter Stimuli. Obwohl der Patient in der Selbsteinschätzung die gezeigten Bilder
als sexuell nicht stimulierend einschätzte, ergab sich bei der Präsentation des Bildmaterials
mit individuell bedeutsamen Stimuli (mit Unterwäsche bekleidete Jungen) eine starke
Aktivierung in neuronalen Netzwerken, die für Aufmerksamkeit sowie affektive Erregung
bedeutsam sind. Im Gegensatz zu gesunden Kontrollpersonen zeigte sich gleichzeitig
dabei keine Aktivierung in sprachrelevanten Hirnregionen. Die Ergebnisse werden im
Kontext der bei dem Patienten auch umfangreich erhobenen neuropsychologischen Testergebnisse
und der verfügbaren Literatur diskutiert.
Abstract
Pedophilia is a complex bio-psycho-social disorder often associated with serious offending.
Knowledge about neurobiological correlates that could serve as diagnostic and maybe
even as prognostic markers is limited. FMRI examination, which shows neuronal activation
in vivo and therefore represents a neurobiological correlate, was not done in pedophilia
so far. We report on results of an fMRI examination in a homosexual pedophilic sex
offender who differed significantly in neuronal activation during exposure to arousing
visual material (young boys in underwear) from normal controls. In self assessment
on a visual analogous scale the pedophilic offender scored the pictures of the boys
as not being interesting and sexually not stimulating. Nevertheless presentation of
the pictures of the boys resulted in the pedophilic offender in a significant activation
of the attention network and the right orbitofrontal cortex. In contrast to the controls
there was no activation of left hemispheric areas relevant for speech. The study design
will be continued in a larger sample to examine whether there is a possible neurobiological
correlate of pedophilia which can be changed by therapeutic interventions.
Literatur
1
Ames M A, Houston D A.
Legal, social, and biological definitions of pedophilia.
Arch Sex Behav.
1990;
19
333-342
2 Pfäfflin F. Sexualstraftaten. In: Venzlaff U, Foerster K (Hrsg.). Psychiatrische
Begutachtung München: Urban und Fischer 2000: 241-267
3
Abel G G, Becker J V, Cunningham-Rathner J, Mittelman M, Rouleau J L.
Multiple paraphilic diagnoses among sex offenders.
Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law.
1988;
16
153-168
4 Schorsch E. Sexualstraftäter. Stuttgart: Enke 1971
5 Giese H. Psychopathologie der Sexualität. Stuttgart: Enke 1962
6 Money J. Lovemaps. New York: Buffalo 1986
7
Gaffney G R, Lurie S F, Berlin F S.
Is there familial transmission of pedophilia?.
J Nerv Ment Dis.
1984;
172
546-548
8
Comings D E.
Role of genetic factors in human sexual behavior based on studies of Tourette syndrome
and ADHD probands and their relatives.
Am J Med Genet.
1994;
54
227-241
9
Perilstein R D, Lipper S, Friedman L J.
Three cases of paraphilias responsive to fluoxetine treatment.
J Clin Psychiatry.
1991;
52
169-170
10
Kafka M P.
A monoamine hypothesis for the pathophysiology of paraphilic disorders.
Arch Sex Behav.
1997;
26
343-358
11
Gaffney G R, Berlin F S.
Is there hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction in paedophilia? A pilot study.
Br J Psychiatry.
1984;
145
657-660
12
Rösler A, Witzum E.
Treatment of men with paraphilia with a long-acting analogue of gonadotropin releasing
hormone.
New England Journal of Medicine.
1998;
338
416-422
13
Briken P, Berner W, Noldus J, Nika E, Michl U.
Leuprorelinacetat bei Paraphilien und sexuell aggressiven Impulshandlungen.
Nervenarzt.
2000;
71
380-385
14
Mendez M F, Chow T, Ringman J, Twitchell G, Hinkin C H.
Pedophilia and temporal lobe disturbances.
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci.
2000;
12
71-76
15
Flor-Henry P, Lang R A, Koles Z J, Frenzel R R.
Quantitative EEG-studies of pedophilia.
Int J Psychophysiol.
1991;
10
253-258
16
Hall G C.
Sexual arousal as a function of physiological and cognitive variables in a sexual
offender population.
Arch Sex Behav.
1991;
20
359-369
17
Braus D F, Ende G, Tost H, Weber-Fahr W, Jatzko A, Schmitt A, Demirakca T, Ruf M.
Funktionelle Kernspintomographie und Schizophrenie: Medikamenteneffekte, methodische
Grenzen und Perspektiven.
Nervenheilkunde.
2000;
3
121-128
18
Howitt D.
Pornography and the paedophile: is it criminogenic?.
Br J Med Psychol.
1995;
68
15-27
19
Mesulam M M.
A cortical network for directed attention and unilateral neglect.
Ann Neurol.
1981;
10
309-325
20 Toga A W, Mazziotta J C. Brain mapping. The systems. San Diego: Academic Press
2000
21
Baker S C, Frith C D, Dolan R J.
The interaction between mood and cognitive function studied with PET.
Psychol Med.
1997;
27
565-578
22
Lang P J, Bradley M M, Fitzsimmons J R, Cuthbert B N, Scott J D, Moulder B, Nangia V.
Emotional arousal and activation of the visual cortex: an fMRI analysis.
Psychophysiology.
1998;
35
199-210
23
Schneider F, Habel U, Kessler C, Salloum J B, Posse S.
Gender differences in regional cerebral activity during sadness.
Hum Brain Mapp.
2000;
9
226-238
24
Corbetta M, Miezin F M, Dobmeyer S, Shulman G L, Petersen S E.
Selective and divided attention during visual discriminations of shape, color, and
speed: functional anatomy by positron emission tomography.
J Neurosci.
1991;
11
2383-2402
25
Kastner S, Pinsk M A, De Weerd P, Desimone R, Ungerleider L G.
Increased activity in human visual cortex during directed attention in the absence
of visual stimulation.
Neuron.
1999;
22
751-761
26
Georgiewa P, Rzanny R, Hopf J M, Knab R, Glauche V, Kaiser W A, Blanz B.
fMRI during word processing in dyslexic and normal reading children.
Neuroreport.
1999;
10
3459-3465
27
Abel G, Blachard E, Barlow D.
Measurement of sexual arousal in several paraphilias: The effects of stimulus modality,
instructional set and stimulus content on the objective.
Behav Res and Therapy.
1980;
19
25-33
Priv.-Doz. Dr. D. F. Braus
NMR-Forschung · Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit
J5
68159 Mannheim