Zusammenfassung
Seit Anfang der 80er Jahre wird Botulinumtoxin A therapeutisch eingesetzt. Es gilt als Medikament der ersten Wahl zur Behandlung fokaler Dystonien in der Erwachsenenneurologie und wird zunehmend auch zur Behandlung muskulärer Hyperaktivität bei spastischen Bewegungsstörungen im Kindesalter eingesetzt. Als Hauptindikationen gelten der Pes equinus und der Adduktorenspasmus. Zahlreiche, auch plazebokontrollierte, doppelblinde Studien belegen den lokalen und funktionellen Gewinn bei der Behandlung des Pes equinus. Wenige offene Studien weisen auf die Verbesserung des Gangbildes und des Sitzens sowie auf pflegerische Gewinne nach der Behandlung des Adduktorenspasmus mit Botulinumtoxin A hin. Zahlreiche weitere Erfolg versprechende therapeutische Ansätze wie die Behandlung der oberen Extremität und die Multilevelbehandlung bedürfen der weiteren Evaluation. Als temporäres hocheffektives Therapieverfahren mit geringer Invasivität öffnet Botulinumtoxin A ein therapeutisches Fenster für Kinder, die für operative Therapieverfahren aufgrund ihres Alters noch nicht infrage kommen.
Abstract
Botulinum Toxin A (BTX/A) has been employed for therapeutic purposes since the early 1980's. It is considered the therapy of choice in the treatment of focal dystonias among adult neurology patients and is increasingly used to treat children suffering from muscular hyperactivity due to spastic movement disorders. The main indications are pes equinus and adductor spasm. There are also numerous placebo-controlled double-blind studies establishing both local and functional advantages in the treatment of pes equinus. Further, studies have shown improvement in walking and sitting, as well as the benefits for carers, after patients have been treated for adductor spasm with BTX/A. Further investigation is necessary to evaluate the efficacy of treating with BTX/A in many other promising therapeutic settings, such as in dealing with upper extremities and multilevel treatment. For children whose age does not yet permit therapy involving surgery, treating with BTX/A effectively opens a therapeutic window, due to its minor invasiveness and high effectiveness.
Key words
Cerebralparese - Botulinum Toxin A - Spastic Movement Disorders Evaluation
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Dr. Volker Mall
Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders · Children's Hospital · Freiburg University
Mathildenstraße 1
79106 Freiburg
Email: mall@kikli.ukl.uni-freiburg.de