Zusammenfassung
Ziel Evaluierung des neonatalen Outcomes nach
Einführung eines interdisziplinären Behandlungsmodells für
drogenabhängige Schwangere an den Universitätskliniken des
Allgemeinen Krankenhauses (AKH) Wien. Vergleich der Auswirkung differenter
Substitutionsmedikamente auf die Morbidität in der Neonatalzeit.Patienten
und Methoden Von März 1995 bis September 1999 wurden alle
Neugeborenen (NG) drogenabhängiger Frauen am AKH Wien in eine prospektive
Studie aufgenommen. Folgende Daten wurden erhoben: mütterliche
Substitutionsmedikation (Methadon, retardierte Morphine, Buprenorphin),
Infektionsstatus, kindliche demographische Daten, angeborene Fehlbildungen,
perinatale Komplikationen sowie Inzidenz und Dauer des neonatalen
Abstinenzsyndroms (NAS). Indikation zur Entzugstherapie des NG war ein
Finnegan-Score > 10, die Therapie erfolgte
1995 - 96 mit Phenobarbital, 1997 - 99
mit Morphin-Hydrochlorid (MoHCI).Ergebnisse 88 Kinder
(38 Mädchen/50 Knaben) mit einem medianen Gestationsalter (GA) von 39 SSW
wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Davon waren 18 (20,5 %)
Frühgeborene. Das Geburtsgewicht (GG) betrug 2905 g (Median). 24
(27,3 %) NG waren small for date (< 10. Perzentile), 15
(17 %) mikrozephal (< 10. Perzentile). Die
Fehlbildungsinzidenz lag bei 7,4 %. Insgesamt 63
(72 %) NG entwickelten ein therapiebedürftiges
Drogenentzugssyndrom: in der Methadongruppe 76 %, in der
Morphingruppe 93 % und nur 19 % in der
Buprenorphingruppe (p < 0,01). Die Entzugsdauer im Median
betrug 15,1 Tage (d): nach intrauteriner Methadonexposition 15 d, nach
Morphinexposition 16,5 d, bei den Buprenorphinkindern 8,3 d
(p < 0,01). Unter Phenobarbitaltherapie war die NAS-Dauer
17,6 d, unter MoHCl nur 12,8 d p < 0,05).Konklusion Die Inzidenz und Dauer des NAS war unter
Buprenorphin-Ersatztherapie der Schwangeren signifikant geringer als unter
Methadon- bzw. Morphin-Ersatztherapie. Die Dauer des kindlichen Entzugssyndroms
war bei Therapie mit MoHCl um ein Drittel kürzer als bei
Phenobarbital.
Aims To evaluate the outcome of infants of
drug dependent mothers (IDM) after establishing an interdisciplinary attention
concept at the University Hospital in Vienna. To compare the influence of
different maintenance agents on neonatal morbidity.Patients
& Methods All newborns of opiate dependent mothers were prospectively
included from III 1995 to IX 1999. The following data were collected:
maintenance agent (methadone, slow release morphine, buprenorphine), infectious
status, demographic data, congenital malformations, perinatal complications, as
well as incidence and duration of the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).
Medical treatment with phenobarbital (1995 - 96) or
morphine hydrochloride (MoHCl) (1997 - 99), respectively,
was indicated when Finnegan score exceeded 10.Results 88
neonates (38 females/50 males) with a median gestational age of 39 weeks were
included, 18 (20.5 %) were born prematurely. The median
birthweight was 2905 g, 24 (27.3 %) infants were small for
date (< 10th percentile), 15 (17 %) microcephalic. The
malformation incidence was 7.4 %. 63 (72 %) of all
newborns had to be treated due to abstinence syndrome: in the methadone group
76 %, in the morphine group 93 %, but in the
buprenorphine group 19 % only (p < 0.01). Median
duration of withdrawal was 15.1 days (d) with significant difference after
antenatal buprenorphine exposure compared to methadone and morphine exposure
(8.3 d versus 15 d and 16.5 d respectively). In neonates
treated with phenobarbital duration of NAS was 17.6 d, whereas NAS in
infants with MoHCl therapy lasted 12.8 d (p < 0.05).Conclusion Incidence and duration of NAS after buprenorphine
exposure was significantly lower than after methadone and morphine exposure.
Withdrawal time under morphin-hydrochloride therapy was reduced by one third
compared to treatment with phenobarbital.
Schlüsselwörter
Neonatales Abstinenzsyndrom - Substitutionsmedikamente - Morphin-Hydrochlorid - Phenobarbital
Key words
Neonatal abstinence syndrome - maintenance agents - morphine hydrochloride - phenobarbital
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Dr. Klaudia Rohrmeister
Univ.-Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde
Wien Abt. f. Neonatologie u. Intensivmedizin
Währinger Gürtel 18 - 20
1090 Wien
Österreich