Das Immunsystem, wie wir es beim Menschen kennen, setzt sich aus zwei eng miteinander verzahnten Teilen zusammen: der angeborenen, „unspezifischen” Immunabwehr und der adaptiven, „spezifischen” Immunität. Elemente der angeborenen Immunabwehr haben sich bereits sehr früh in der Evolution des Tierreichs ausgebildet. Adaptive Immunabwehr hingegen entstand innerhalb eines relativ kurzen Zeitraums ausschließlich bei Wirbeltieren mit Kiefer. Neue Daten vor allem aus Genomsequenzierprojekten erlauben nun erste Rückschlüsse auf die Ereignisse, die zur Ausbildung adaptiver Immunität führten.
Abstract
The human immune system is composed of two closely cooperating entities: innate, “unspecific” immune defense on one hand and adaptive, “specific” immunity on the other. Innate immune defense mechanisms were already developed very early in the evolution of the animal kingdom. By contrast, adaptive immunity exclusively evolved in jawed vertebrates within a surprisingly short time span. New data especially from genome sequencing projects now allow first glimpses on those events that resulted in the formation of adaptive immunity.
Schlüsselwörter
MHC - RAG - Immunsystem - Evolution - Genom
Key words
MHC - RAG - Immune system - Evolution - Genome
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