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DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-23483
Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz mit β-Rezeptorenblockern
Treatment of heart failure with β-receptor-blockersPublication History
Manuskript-Eingang: 15. Januar 2002
Annahme nach Revision: 14. März 2002
Publication Date:
27 March 2002 (online)

Etwa 1 % der westlichen Bevölkerung leidet an einer chronischen Herzinsuffizienz, die Tendenz ist steigend. In bis zu 75 % der Fälle besteht das Grundleiden in einer koronaren Herzerkrankung, in 14 - 15 % liegt eine dilatative Kardiomyopathie vor. Nur in wenigen Fällen findet sich ein kausal therapierbares Grundleiden - etwa ein Klappenvitium, das sich operativ korrigieren lässt. Bei den übrigen Patienten stehen allgemeine supportive Maßnahmen, wie z. B. Gewichtsreduktion, die Behandlung einer Hypertonie und eine salzarme Diät sowie die symptomatische medikamentöse Langzeittherapie (Kombinationstherapie mit ACE-Hemmer, β-Blocker, Diuretika und ggf. Digitalis und Aldosteron-Antagonist) im Mittelpunkt [7] [29] [50].
Das pathophysiologische Verständnis zur Therapie der chronischen, symptomatischen Herzinsuffizienz hat sich in den letzten Jahren grundlegend gewandelt. War man initial davon ausgegangen, dass die verminderte Kontraktilität eine Therapie mit positiv-inotrop wirksamen Substanzen fordert - zu dieser Zeit waren β-Rezeptorantagonisten sogar kontraindiziert - so brachte das Verständnis zur Modulation der Vor- und Nachlast, aber ganz besonders das Verstehen der sympathoadrenergen- und der Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Stimulation bei diesen Patienten einen grundlegenden Wandel in der Therapie (neurohumorale Stimulation) [18]. Waren in früheren Jahren günstige Einflussnahmen auf hämodynamische Parameter - meist nur kurze Zeit wirksam - das Ziel des therapeutischen Bemühens, so zielt die Pharmakotherapie nun auf die Einflussnahme auf lang andauernde, meist reparativ wirksame Vorgänge. Nur für die neurohumoral wirksamen ACE-Hemmer und β-Blocker ist in mehreren randomisierten kontrollierten klinischen Studien eine Verbesserung der Symptomatik und eine Verlängerung des Überlebens nachgewiesen [30].
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Korrespondenz
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Robert H. G. Schwinger
Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Labor
für Herzmuskelphysiologie und molekulare Kardiologie, Universität
zu Köln
Josef-Stelzmann-Straße 9
50924 Köln
Phone: 0221/478-3138
Fax: 0221/478-3746
Email: Robert.Schwinger@medizin.uni-koeln.de