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DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-23485
Chronische Herzinsuffizienz - Stellenwert der biventrikulären Stimulation
Cardiac resynchronization in heart failurePublikationsverlauf
Manuskript-Eingang: 28. Dezember 2001
Annahme nach Revision: 26. Februar 2002
Publikationsdatum:
27. März 2002 (online)

Die chronische Herzinsuffizienz stellt eine der häufigsten internistischen Erkrankungen dar. In der Gesamtpopulation westlicher Länder treten pro Jahr 1 - 4 Neuerkrankungen/10 000 der Bevölkerung auf. Die Inzidenz nimmt deutlich mit dem Lebensalter zu. Zwischen dem 65. und 75. Lebensjahr leiden 2 - 5 % der Bevölkerung an chronischer Herzinsuffizienz, oberhalb des 80. Lebensjahres fast 10 %. Obwohl in den letzten Jahren durch eine Verbesserung der medikamentösen Therapie die Morbidität und Letalität herzinsuffizienter Patienten reduziert werden konnte, bleiben viele dieser Patienten trotz maximal tolerierter Medikamentendosierung symptomatisch. Die jährliche Sterblichkeit liegt auch unter optimaler Medikation im NYHA-Stadium IV bei bis zu 50 % [22] . Daher bestehen verstärkte Anstrengungen, Beschwerdesymptomatik, Hämodynamik und Überlebenszeit herzinsuffizienter Patienten durch nicht-medikamentöse Therapiealternativen weiter zu verbessern. Unter den chirurgischen Verfahren hat die Herztransplantation derzeit den größten Stellenwert, bleibt jedoch aufgrund der limitierten Anzahl von Spenderorganen und zum Teil bestehender Kontraindikationen nur einigen schwerst herzinsuffizienten Patienten vorbehalten [43]. Die Implantation linksventrikulärer »Assist-Systeme« und die partielle Ventrikulektomie sind noch mit hohen Komplikationsraten behaftet und kommen nur bei wenigen individuellen Patienten, meist als Überbrückung bis zu einer Herztransplantation in Frage [24] [32]. Demgegenüber könnte eine kardiale Schrittmacherstimulation nach aktuellen Schätzungen eine Therapieoption für 5 - 15 % herzinsuffizienter Patienten darstellen [14] [28]. Sie ist in Erwägung zu ziehen bei Patienten im NYHA-Stadium III - IV mit Sinusrhythmus, die bereits eine optimale Herzinsuffizienzmedikation einschließlich β-Blocker, ACE-Hemmer und Spironolacton erhaltenen.
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Korrespondenz
Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. Uta C. Hoppe
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