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Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2002; 62(3): 227-233
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-25217
Übersicht

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Die Bedeutung von Vitamin B12 in der Schwangerschaft und daraus resultierende Empfehlungen für die Schwangerschaftsvorsorge

Vitamin B12 During Pregnancy: Implications for Prenatal CareCorinna Koebnick1 , Ulrike A. Heins2 , Ingrid Hoffmann2 , C. Leitzmann2
  • 1 Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Potsdam-Rehbrücke
  • 2 Institut für Ernährungswissenschaft, Universität Gießen, Gießen
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Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
19. April 2002 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Die Versorgung mit Vitamin B12 in der Schwangerschaft gilt als unabhängiger Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Neuralrohrdefekten. Ein Vitamin-B12-Mangel wird bei etwa 5 % aller Schwangerschaften beobachtet. Nicht nur die Vitamin-B12-Speicher, sondern auch die momentane Vitamin-B12-Zufuhr ist für die fetale Versorgung von Bedeutung. Während der ersten Phase der Schwangerschaft besteht häufig eine anhaltende Übelkeit, die zu Erbrechen verbunden mit einem einseitigen oder verminderten Lebensmittelverzehr führt. Es kann zu besonderen Aversionen gegen Lebensmittel tierischen Ursprungs kommen, welche die wichtigsten Vitamin-B12-Quellen darstellen. Aus diesem Grund benötigt die Vitamin-B12-Versorgung von schwangeren Vegetarierinnen - insbesondere von Veganerinnen - besondere Aufmerksamkeit. Zur Vermeidung eines sekundären Folatmangels als Folge eines Vitamin-B12-Mangels muss eine Supplementation mit Vitamin B12 in Erwägung gezogen werden.

Abstract

Vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy is an independent risk factor for neural tube defects and occurs in about 5 % of pregnancies. Both maternal vitamin B12 stores and current intake are important to adequately supply the fetus. Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy can lead to reduced or monotonous food intake. Some women develop aversions, particularly to foods of animal origin, which are important sources of vitamin B12. Pregnant vegetarians, particularly vegans, need increased attention concerning their vitamin B12 supply. Supplementation should be considered to avoid secondary folate deficiency caused by a lack of vitamin B12.

Schlüsselwörter

Schwangerschaft - Vitamin B12 - Folsäure - Neuralrohrdefekte

Key words

Pregnancy - Vitamin B12 - Folate - Neural tube defects

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Dr. oec. troph. Corinna Koebnick

Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung

Arthur-Scheunot-Allee 114 - 116

14558 Bogholz-Rehbrücke