Zusammenfassung
Studienziel: Frühzeitige gravierende
Knorpelschäden werden bei jungen Patienten nicht selten durch eine
chronische Kniegelenksinstabilität bei gleichzeitiger Varusfehlstellung
verursacht. Indikationsstellung, Planung der Korrekturosteotomie sowie
Operationstechnik und Ergebnisse des Kombinationseingriffs Osteotomie und
Kreuzbandplastik werden präsentiert. Material/Methode: Von 4/96 bis 12/00 wurden 58 Patienten
33 Jahre) durch den Kombinationseingriff Korrekturosteotomie
(n = 57 valgisierend, n = 1
varisierend) und Kreuzbandplastik (n = 49 VKB,
n = 7 HKB, n = 2 VKB & HKB)
behandelt. Es wurde zunächst die Korrekturosteotomie (closed wedge
Technik), anschließend arthroskopisch die Kreuzbandplastik
durchgeführt. Der mittlere Korrekturwinkel betrug 7
(4 - 10). Grad, (Achsenfehlstellung im Mittel 5
(0 - 10 Grad). Bei 13 Patienten wurde zusätzlich eine
Art der Knorpelchirurgie (OATS, autologe Chondrozytentransplantation oder
microfracturing) durchgeführt, bei 2 Patienten ein Collagen-Meniscus (CMI)
implantiert. Ergebnisse: Präoperativ betrug der
Lysholm-Score im Mittel 66 (35 - 81), 3, 6 und 12 Monate
postoperativ im Mittel 81 (74 - 95), 87
(79 - 99) und 93 (88 - 99) Punkte.
Subjektiv berichteten alle Patienten von einer Besserung ihrer Beschwerden
bezüglich Schwellung, Schmerz- und Instabilitätssymptomatik.
Zusätzliche Knorpelchirurgie oder Meniskusimplantation ergab keinen
signifikanten Unterschied im klinischen Score. Bei 4 Patienten kam es zu
Komplikationen. Schlussfolgerung: Die Kombination von
unikompartimentaler Entlastung und Instabilitätsbehandlung beim instabilen
Varusknie durch Osteotomie und Kreuzbandplastik stellt eine klinisch
wirkungsvolle und kausale Therapieform zur Prävention der
Arthroseprogression dar. Ein einzeitiges Vorgehen ermöglicht gerade jungen
Patienten eine schnelle Rehabilitation und Rückkehr in Alltag und
Sport.
Abstract
Aim: Osteochondral lesions and osteoarthritis
in young patients are often caused by chronic knee instability in varus
malangulated knees. We present the indication, planning of the osteotomy as
well as the operative technique and the results of our patients with
simultaneous osteotomy and cruciate ligament reconstruction. Materials/Methods: From 4/96 until 12/00 58 patients
( 33 years) received simultaneous osteotomy (r = 57
correcting valgus, r = 1 varus malalignement) and cruciate
ligament plasty (e = 49 ACL, n = 7
PCL, n = 2 ACL & PCL which routinely was performed in
the arthroscopic technique after completion of the osteotomy (closed-wedge
technique). Average correction angle of the osteotomy was 7
(4 - 10) degrees with a mean malalignement of 5
(0 - 10) degrees. 13 patients underwent additional
cartilage surgery (osteochondral autograft transplantation, autologous
chondrocyte transplantation, microfracturing), 2 patients received an implanted
Collagen Meniscus (CMI) at the same time. Results:
Preoperatively the Lysholm score was 66 (35 - 81) points
and increased to 81 (74 - 95), 87
(79 - 99) and 93 (88 - 99) points at 3,
6, and 12 months after surgery, respectively. Subjectively all patients
reported an improvement of preoperative swelling, pain and instability.
Additional cartilage surgery or meniscus implantation did not significantly
alter the clinical score values. Complications were noted in 4 patients.
Conclusions: Unstable varus malangulated knees can be
sufficiently treated by osteotomy and cruciate ligament plasty at the same
time, suggesting that unicompartimental decompression and treatment of
instability is a causal and cost effective therapy delaying the progression of
osteoarthritis and minimising clinical symptoms. Performing both operations in
one procedure facilitates early rehabilitation and return of these patients to
the activities of daily living and sports.
Schlüsselwörter
Knieinstabilität - Knorpelschaden - Achsenfehlstellung - Ganzbeinaufnahme - Osteotomie
Key words
Knee instability - Osteochondral damage - malalignement - total leg X-ray - osteotomy
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Univ.-Prof. Dr. med. Andreas B. Imhoff
Abteilung für Sportorthopädie der TU München
Connollystraße 32
80809 München
Phone: +49-89-28924462
Fax: +49-89-28924484
Email: a.imhoff@Irz.tum.de