Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Eine Dysfunktion der Epithelkörperchen gehört zu den typischen Komplikationen nach Schilddrüsenoperationen. Retrospektiv wurden Risikofaktoren für eine postoperative symptomatische Hypokalzämie analysiert.
Methodik: 308 konsekutive Schilddrüsenresektionen (Frauen n = 236, Männer n = 72, Durchschnittsalter 53 Jahre) der Jahre 1996 und 1997 wurden ausgewertet. Überwiegend handelte es sich um euthyreote Knotenstrumen (n = 234, 74 %), bei 28 Patienten (9 %) lag ein Schilddrüsenkarzinom vor. Der häufigste Eingriff war die beidseitige funktionelle Schilddrüsenresektion (38 %, n = 116), der Anteil der Thyreoidektomien betrug 14 % (n = 44). Die Patienten mit postoperativer symptomatischer Hypokalzämie wurden über einen Zeitraum von median 32 Monaten nachbeobachtet.
Ergebnisse: Postoperativ traten bei 18 Patienten (6 %) klinische Symptome einer Hypokalzämie auf, davon entwickelten drei Patienten einen transienten (n = 1) oder permanenten Hypoparathyreoidismus (n = 2). In der univariaten Analyse erwiesen sich die zugrunde liegende Schilddrüsenerkrankung, die Operationsmethode, die Entfernung sowie die Identifikation bzw. Reimplantation von Epithelkörperchen, in der multivariaten Analyse die Operationsmethode (Thyreoidektomie, relatives Risiko 6,9) und die Entfernung von Epithelkörperchen (relatives Risiko 23,9) als signifikante Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung einer postoperativen symptomatischen Hypokalzämie (p < 0,05).
Schlussfolgerungen: Patienten mit Thyreoidektomie, Operation wegen eines Schilddrüsenkarzinoms und intraoperativer Entfernung von Epithelkörperchen sollten postoperativ hinsichtlich einer Hypokalzämie besonders überwacht werden. Ein permanenter Hypoparathyreoidismus ist bei sorgfältiger Operationstechnik selten, insbesondere wenn intraoperativ mehrere Epithelkörperchen identifiziert und gegebenenfalls reimplantiert wurden.
Abstract
Purpose: Dysfunction of the parathyroid glands is a typical complication following thyroid surgery. Risk factors for the development of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia were retrospectively analyzed.
Methods: 308 consecutive thyroid resections (women n = 236, men n = 72, mean age 53 years) performed in 1996 and 1997 were evaluated. Main diagnosis was non-toxic nodular goiter (n = 234, 76 %), 28 patients (9 %) had thyroid carcinoma. The most common operation performed was bilateral functional thyroid resection (n = 116, 38 %), the proportion of thyroidectomies was 14 % (n = 44). The patients with postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia were followed for a median of 32 months.
Results: Clinical symptoms of hypocalcemia were observed in 18 patients (6 %) postoperatively. Three patients developed transient (n = 1) or permanent hypothyroidism (n = 2). In univariate analysis, the underlying thyroid disease, the method of operative therapy, removal, identification and autotransplantation of parathyroid glands, in multivariate analysis, thyroidectomy (relative risk 6.9) and removal of parathyroid glands (relative risk 23.9) were proved to be significant risk factors for the development of postoperative symptomatic hypocalcemia (p < 0.05).
Conclusions: Patients with thyroidectomy, operation for thyroid carcinoma and intraoperative removal of parathyroid glands should be closely followed for postoperative hypocalcemia. Exact surgical technique provided, permanent hypoparathyroidism is rare, particularly if several parathyroid glands were identified intraoperatively and autotransplanted, if necessary.
Schlüsselwörter
Hypokalzämie - Hypoparathyreoidismus - Schilddrüsenchirurgie - Autotransplantation - Epithelkörperchen
Key words
Hypocalcemia - Hypoparathyroidism - Thyroid Surgery - Autotransplantation - Parathyroid Glands
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. Th. Meyer
Chirurgische Klinik und Poliklinik der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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