RSS-Feed abonnieren
Bitte kopieren Sie die angezeigte URL und fügen sie dann in Ihren RSS-Reader ein.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/de/10.1055-s-00000116.xml
PDF herunterladen
Semin Vasc Med 2002; 2(2): 157-164
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-32039
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-32039
Arterial Stiffness and Insulin Resistance
Weitere Informationen
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
06. Juni 2002 (online)
ABSTRACT
Insulin resistance is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The mechanism(s) underlying this association are poorly understood. Increased arterial stiffness is the main cause of the most prevalent form of hypertension, systolic hypertension. Hypertension is also commonly observed in individuals with insulin resistance. In cross-sectional epidemiological studies such as the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, hyperinsulinemia was independently associated with increased arterial stiffness. Recent mechanistic studies performed in humans in vivo have suggested that increased stiffness could be yet another facet of insulin resistance. Insulin, at physiological concentrations, acutely diminishes wave reflection in the aorta in vivo. This action of insulin precedes any changes in peripheral blood flow, vascular resistance, ejection duration or heart rate, and therefore implies that insulin acutely diminishes stiffness in arteries greater than those controlling peripheral vascular resistance. This effect is blunted in insulin-resistant conditions such as obesity and type 1 diabetes. These data suggest that the inability of insulin to normally diminish arterial stiffness could provide a mechanistic link between insulin resistance and systolic hypertension.
KEYWORDS
Blood pressure - large arteries - obesity - diabetes
REFERENCES
- 1 Lillioja S, Mott D M, Spraul M. Insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction as precursors of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med . 1993; 329 1988-1992
- 2 Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton J D, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-year cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care . 1993; 16 434-444
- 3 Fuller J H, Shipley M J, Rose G, Jarrett R J, Keen H. Mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in relation to degree of glycaemia: the Whitehall study. BMJ . 1983; 287 867-870
- 4 Pyörälä K. Relationship of glucose tolerance and plasma insulin in the incidence of coronary heart disease. Results from two population studies in Finland. Diabetes Care . 1979; 2 131-141
- 5 Yki-Järvinen H, Helve E, Koivisto V A. Hyperglycemia decreases glucose uptake in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes . 1987; 36 892-896
- 6 Yki-Järvinen H. Glucose toxicity. Endocr Rev . 1992; 13 415-431
- 7 Lehto S, Rönnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Laakso M. Poor glycemic control predicts coronary heart disease events in patients with type 1 diabetes without nephropathy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 1999; 19 1014-1019
- 8 Welborn T A, Wearne K. Coronary heart disease incidence and cardiovascular mortality in Busselton with reference to glucose and insulin concentrations. Diabetes Care . 1979; 2 154-160
- 9 Fontbonne A, Charles M A, Thibult N. Hyperinsulinaemia as a predictor of coronary heart disease mortality in a healthy population: the Paris Prospective Study, 15-year follow-up. Diabetologia . 1991; 34 356-361
- 10 Laakso M, Rönnemaa T, Pyörälä K, Kallio V, Puukka P, Penttilä I. Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its risk factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects in Finland. Diabetes Care . 1988; 11 449-463
- 11 Brand F N, McGee D L, Kannel W B, Stokes J, Castelli W P. Hyperuricemia as a risk factor of coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. Am J Epidemiol . 1985; 121 11-18
- 12 Paolisso G, Tataranni P A, Foley J E, Bogardus C, Howard B V, Ravussin E. A high concentration of fasting plasma non-esterified fatty acids is a risk factor for the development of NIDDM. Diabetologia . 1995; 38 1213-1217
- 13 Lamarche B, Tchernof A, Moorjani S. Small, dense low-density lipoprotein particles as a predictor of the risk of ischemic heart disease in men. Prospective results from the Quebec Cardiovascular Study. Circulation . 1997; 95 69-75
- 14 Ferrannini E, Buzzigoli G, Bonadonna R. Insulin resistance in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med . 1987; 317 350-357
- 15 Pollare T, Lithell H, Berne C. Insulin resistance is a characteristic feature of primary hypertension independent of obesity. Metabolism . 1990; 39 167-174
- 16 Shen D C, Shieh S M, Fuh M M, Wu D A, Chen Y D, Reaven G M. Resistance to insulin-stimulated-glucose uptake in patients with hypertension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1988; 66 580-583
- 17 Feskens E J, Tuomilehto J, Stengard J H, Pekkanen J, Nissinen A, Kromhout D. Hypertension and overweight associated with hyperinsulinaemia and glucose tolerance: a longitudinal study of the Finnish and Dutch cohorts of the Seven Countries Study. Diabetologia . 1995; 38 839-847
- 18 Modan M, Halkin H, Almog S. Hyperinsulinemia. A link between hypertension obesity and glucose intolerance. J Clin Invest . 1985; 75 809-817
- 19 Dowse G K, Collins V R, Alberti K G. Insulin and blood pressure levels are not independently related in Mauritians of Asian Indian, Creole or Chinese origin. The Mauritius Non-communicable Disease Study Group. J Hypertens . 1993; 11 297-307
- 20 Quinones G A, Natali A, Baldi S. Effect of insulin on uric acid excretion in humans. Am J Physiol . 1995; 268 E1-E5
- 21 Franklin S S, Jacobs M J, Wong N D, L'Italien G J, Lapuerta P. Predominance of isolated systolic hypertension among middle-aged and elderly U.S. hypertensives: analysis based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III. Hypertension . 2001; 37 869-874
- 22 Benetos A, Safar M, Rudnichi A. Pulse pressure: a predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in a French male population. Hypertension . 1997; 30 1410-1415
- 23 Franklin S S, Larson M G, Khan S A. Does the relation of blood pressure to coronary heart disease risk change with aging?. <~>The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation . 2001; 103 1245-1249
- 24 Sesso H D, Stampfer M J, Rosner B. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure as predictors of cardiovascular disease risk in men. Hypertension . 2000; 36 801-807
- 25 Domanski M, Norman J, Wolz M, Mitchell G, Pfeffer M. Cardiovascular risk assessment using pulse pressure in the first national health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES I). Hypertension . 2001; 38 793-797
- 26 Madhavan S, Ooi W L, Cohen H, Alderman M H. Relation of pulse pressure and blood pressure reduction to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Hypertension . 1994; 23 395-401
- 27 Franklin S S, Gustin W, Wong N D. Hemodynamic patterns of age-related changes in blood pressure. The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation . 1997; 96 308-315
- 28 Alderman M H, Cohen H, Madhavan S. Distribution and determinants of cardiovascular events during 20 years of successful antihypertensive treatment. J Hypertens . 1998; 16 761-769
- 29 Franklin S S, Khan S A, Wong N D, Larson M G, Levy D. Is pulse pressure useful in predicting risk for coronary heart disease?. <~>The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation . 1999; 100 354-360
- 30 Verdecchia P, Schillaci G, Reboldi G, Franklin S S, Porcellati C. Different prognostic impact of 24-hour mean blood pressure and pulse pressure on stroke and coronary artery disease in essential hypertension. Circulation . 2001; 103 2579-2584
- 31 O'Rourke M F, Kelly R P. Wave reflection in the systemic circulation and its implications in ventricular function. J Hypertens . 1993; 11 327-337
- 32 Hirai T, Sasayama S, Kawasaki T, Yagi S. Stiffness of systemic arteries in patients with myocardial infarction. A noninvasive method to predict severity of coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation . 1989; 80 78-86
- 33 Dart A M, Lacombe F, Yeoh J K. Aortic distensibility in patients with isolated hypercholesterolaemia, coronary artery disease, or cardiac transplant. Lancet . 1991; 338 270-273
- 34 Gatzka C D, Cameron J D, Kingwell B A, Dart A M. Relation between coronary artery disease, aortic stiffness, and left ventricular structure in a population sample. Hypertension . 1998; 32 575-578
- 35 Laurent S, Boutouyrie P, Asmar R. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in hypertensive patients. Hypertension . 2001; 37 1236-1241
- 36 van Popele M N, Grobbee D E, Bots M L. Association between arterial stiffness and atherosclerosis: the Rotterdam Study. Stroke . 2001; 32 454-460
- 37 London G M, Blacher J, Pannier B, Guerin A P, Marchais S J, Safar M E. Arterial wave reflections and survival in end-stage renal failure. Hypertension . 2001; 38 434-438
- 38 Nichols W W, O'Rourke M F. McDonalds's Blood Flow in Arteries. Theoretical, Experimental and Clinical Principles
London: Arnold; 1998
MissingFormLabel
- 39 Salomaa V, Riley W, Kark J D, Nardo C, Folsom A R. Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are associated with arterial stiffness indexes-The ARIC Study. Circulation . 1995; 91 1432-1443
- 40 McVeigh G E, Brennan G, Hayes R, Cohn J, Finkelstein S, Johnston D. Vascular abnormalities in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus identified by arterial waveform analysis. Am J Med . 1993; 95 424-430
- 41 Lehmann E D, Riley W A, Clarkson P, Gosling R G. Non-invasive assessment of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Lancet . 1999; 350 14-19
- 42 Glasser S P, Arnett D K, McVeigh G E. Vascular compliance and cardiovascular disease: a risk factor or a marker?. Am J Hypertens . 1997; 10 1175-1189
- 43 Devereux R B, Roman M J, Paranicas M. Impact of diabetes on cardiac structure and function: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation . 2000; 101 2271-2276
- 44 Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Salvetti A. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension: fact or fancy?. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol . 1998; S41-S47 (S41-S47)
- 45 Taniwaki H, Kawagishi T, Emoto M. Correlation between the intima-media thickness of the carotid artery and aortic pulse-wave velocity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Vessel wall properties in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care . 1999; 22 1851-1857
- 46 Berry K L, Skyrme-Jones R A, Cameron J D, O'Brien R C, Meredith I T. Systemic arterial compliance is reduced in young patients with IDDM. Am J Physiol . 1999; 276 H1839-H1845
- 47 Hu J, Wallensteen M, Gennser G. Increased stiffness of the aorta in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ultrasound Med Biol . 1996; 22 537-543
- 48 Oxlund H, Rasmussen L M, Andreassen T T, Heickendorff L. Increased aortic stiffness in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia . 1989; 32 748-752
- 49 Christensen T, Neubauer B. Increased arterial wall stiffness and thickness in medium-sized arteries in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Acta Radiol . 1988; 29 299-302
- 50 Ryden-Ahlgren A, Länne T, Wollmer P, Sonesson B, Hansen F, Sundkvist G. Increased arterial stiffness in woman, but not in men, with IDDM. Diabetologia . 1995; 38 1082-1089
- 51 Giannattasio C, Failla M, Piperno A. Early impairment of large artery structure and function in type I diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia . 1999; 42 987-994
- 52 Kool M J, Lambert J, Stehouwer C D, Hoeks A P, Struijker Boudier A H, Van Bortel M L. Vessel wall properties of large arteries in uncomplicated IDDM. Diabetes Care . 1995; 18 618-624
- 53 Lehmann E D, Gosling R G, Sonksen P H. Arterial wall compliance in diabetes. Diabet Med . 1992; 9 114-119
- 54 Brooks B, Molyneaux L, Yue D K. Augmentation of central arterial pressure in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care . 1999; 22 1722-1727
- 55 Wilkinson I B, MacCallum H, Rooijmans D F. Increased augmentation index and systolic stress in type 1 diabetes mellitus. QJM . 2000; 93 441-448
- 56 Jensen-Urstad K J, Reichard P G, Rosfors J S, Lindblad L E, Jensen-Urstad M T. Early atherosclerosis is retarded by improved long-term blood glucose control in patients with IDDM. Diabetes . 1996; 45 1253-1258
- 57 Westerbacka J, Wilkinson I, Cockcroft J, Utriainen T, Vehkavaara S, Yki-Järvinen H. Diminished wave reflection in the aorta: a novel physiological action of insulin on large blood vessels. Hypertension . 1999; 33 1118-1122
- 58 Malmström R, Packard C J, Watson T DG. Metabolic basis of hypotriglyceridemic effects of insulin in normal men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 1997; 17 1454-1464
- 59 Yki-Järvinen H. Action of insulin on glucose metabolism in vivo. Baillieres Clin Endocrinol Metab . 1993; 7 903-927
- 60 Westerbacka J, Yki-Järvinen H, Turpeinen A. Inhibition of platelet-collagen interaction: an in vivo action of insulin abolished by insulin resistance in obesity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 2002; 22 167-172
- 61 Taddei S, Virdis A, Mattei P, Natali A, Ferrannini E, Salvetti A. Effect of insulin on acetylcholine-induced vasodilatation in normotensive subjects and patients with essential hypertension. Circulation . 1995; 92 2911-2918
- 62 Westerbacka J, Vehkavaara S, Bergholm R, Wilkinson I, Cockcroft J, Yki-Järvinen H. Marked resistance of the ability of insulin to decrease arterial stiffness characterizes human obesity. Diabetes . 1999; 48 821-827
- 63 Westerbacka J, Uosukainen A, Mäkimattila S, Schlenzka A, Yki-Järvinen H. Insulin-induced decrease in large artery stiffness is impaired in uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hypertension . 2000; 35 1043-1048
- 64 Westerbacka J, Seppälä-Lindroos A, Yki-Järvinen H. Resistance to acute insulin-induced decreases in large artery stiffness accompanies the insulin resistance syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab . 2001; 86 5262-5268
- 65 Jiang Z Y, Lin Y W, Clemont A. Characterization of selective resistance to insulin signaling in the vasculature of obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats. J Clin Invest . 1999; 104 447-457
- 66 Steinberg H O, Tarshoby M, Monestel R. Elevated circulating free fatty acid levels impair endothelium-dependent vasodilation. J Clin Invest . 1997; 100 1230-1239
- 67 Lundman P, Eriksson M, Schenck-Gustafsson K, Karpe F, Tornvall P. Transient triglyceridemia decreases vascular reactivity in young, healthy men without risk factors for coronary heart disease. Circulation . 1997; 96 3266-3268
- 68 Yokoyama I, Ohtake T, Momomura S. Altered myocardial vasodilatation in patients with hypertriglyceridemia in anatomically normal coronary arteries. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 1998; 18 294-299
- 69 Zeng G, Nystrom F H, Ravichandran L V. Roles for insulin receptor, PI 3-kinase, and Akt in insulin-signaling pathways related to production of nitric oxide in human vascular endothelial cells. Circulation . 2000; 101 1539-1545
- 70 Scherrer U, Randin D, Vollenweider P, Vollenweider L, Nicod P. Nitric oxide release accounts for insulin's vascular effects in humans. J Clin Invest . 1994; 94 2511-2515
- 71 Steinberg H O, Brechtel G, Johnson A, Fireberg N, Baron A D. Insulin-mediated skeletal muscle vasodilatation is nitric oxide-dependent. A novel action of insulin to increase nitric oxide release. J Clin Invest . 1994; 94 1172-1179
- 72 Rees D D, Palmer R MJ, Hodson H F, Moncada S. A specific inhibitor of nitric oxide formation from L-arginine attenuates endothelium-dependent dilatation. Br J Pharmacol . 1989; 996 418-424
- 73 Rask-Madsen C, Ihlemann N, Krarup T. Insulin therapy improves insulin-stimulated endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease. Diabetes . 2001; 50 2611-2618
- 74 Vehkavaara S, Mäkimattila S, Schlenzka A, Vakkilainen J, Westerbacka J, Yki-Järvinen H. Insulin therapy improves endothelial function in type 2 diabetes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 2000; 20 545-550
- 75 Wilkinson I B, Qasem A, McEniery C M, Webb D J, Avolio A P, Cockcroft J R. Nitric oxide regulates local arterial distensibility in vivo. Circulation . 2002; 105 213-217
- 76 Cushman W C, Materson B J, Williams D W, Reda D J. Pulse pressure changes with six classes of antihypertensive agents in a randomized, controlled trial. Hypertension . 2001; 38 953-957
- 77 Franklin S S. Ageing and hypertension: the assessment of blood pressure indices in predicting coronary heart disease. J Hypertens . 1999; S29-S36 (S29-S36)
- 78 Burt V L, Cutler J A, Higgins M. Trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the adult U.S. population. Data from the Health Examination Surveys, 1960 to 1991. Hypertension . 1995; 26 60-69
- 79 Pauca A L, O'Rourke M F, Kon N D. Prospective evaluation of a method for estimating ascending aortic pressure from the radial artery pressure waveform. Hypertension . 2001; 38 932-937
- 80 O'Rourke M F, Gallagher D E. Pulse wave analysis. J Hypertens . 1996; 14 S147-S157