Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung: Vergleichende Analyse der endorektalen MRT (EMRT) und endorektaler Sonographie (ES) zur posttherapeutischen Diagnostik von rektalen Tumoren in Korrelation mit der Histopathologie. Methodik: 30 Patienten mit Verdacht auf Rezidiv- bzw. Residualtumoren des Rektums wurden vergleichend mittels EMRT an einem 1,5 T Magnetom mittels einer Endorektalspule vor und nach Kontrastmittelapplikation und ES (Compison 530, Kretz-Technik mit 7,5 bzw. 10 MHz Sonden) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Das Patientenkollektiv umfasste 8 Patienten mit Rektumadenomen nach Elektro-Laser-Resektion, 8 Patienten mit Rektumkarzinomen Stadium pT1 nach transanaler Vollwandresektion, 8 Patienten mit Stadium pT2 und 6 Patienten mit Stadium pT3 nach hyperthermer Radiochemotherapie. Im Rahmen der posttherapeutischen Verlaufskontrolle in Korrelation mit der Histologie ergaben sich folgende Ergebnisse: Korrektes Staging bei 86,6 % der Patienten (EMRT) bzw. bei 63,3 % (ES), ein Overstaging bei 8 % (EMRT) bzw. bei 23 % (ES) und ein Understaging bei 0% (EMRT) bzw. 7 % (ES). Die höchste diagnostische Treffsicherheit fand sich in der EMRT bei Patienten mit Rektumadenomen bzw. Rektumkarzinomen (pT1) und bei Z. n. Elektro-Laser-Resektion bzw. transanaler Vollwandresektion im Rahmen der Verlaufskontrolle. Schlussfolgerungen: Die hochauflösende, endorektale MRT ist im Vergleich zu der endorektalen Sonographie eine vielversprechende Methode zur postoperativen bzw. posttherapeutischen Diagnostik rektaler Tumoren und eignet sich zur Verlaufs- und Therapiekontrolle von Rezidiven bzw. Residualtumoren.
Abstract
Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy and limitations for staging of contrast-enhanced endorectal MR imaging comparing with transrectal US for restaging of rectal lesions after surgery or after therapeutic radiation. Both methods were correlated with histologic findings. Method/Materials: The efficacy of these both methods was evaluated in 30 patients with supposed residual or recurrent rectal neoplasms. Contrast enhanced (bolus injection of 0.1 mmol/kg b.w. Gd-DTPA) endorectal MR imaging was performed using a 1.5 Tesla Magnetom. In addition endosonography (7.5 × or 10-MHz transducer) was used. Results: In 8 patients with rectal adenoma after electro-laser resection, 8 patients with rectal carcinoma stage pT1 after transanal resection, 8 patients with rectal carcinoma stage pT2 and 6 patients with rectal carcinoma stage pT3 after regional hyperthermia with radiochemo-therapy, the following results were obtained during the postsurgical or posttherapeutical follow-up with respect to histopathological evaluation: exact staging in 86.6 % with EMRI and 63.3 % in ES, overstaging in 8 % (EMRI) and 23 % (ES), understaging in 0 % (EMRI) and 7 % (ES). The highest diagnostic accuracy was shown in EMRT in patients with rectal adenoma and rectal carcinoma (pT1) and after electro-laser resection or transanal resection during follow-up. Conclusions: Contrast enhanced endorectal MR imaging appears to be very promising for accurate posttherapeutical staging of rectal cancer and helpful in the diagnosis of recurrence or the differentiation between scar tissue and residual rectal tumor.
Schlüsselwörter
Rektumtumoren - Endorektale Magnetresonanztomographie - Endorektalsonographie - Posttherapeutisch
Key words
Rectal lesions - Endorectal MR imaging - Endosonography - Posttherapeutical treatment
Literatur
1
Warnecke J, Petrelli N J, Herrera L.
Local recurrence after sphincter- saving resection for rectal adenocarcinoma.
Amer J Surg.
1989;
158
3-5
2
Paty P B, Enker W E, Cohen A M. et al .
Treatment of rectal cancer by low anterior resection with coloanal anastomosis.
Ann Surg.
1994;
219
365-373
3
Adam I J, Mohamdee M O, Martin I G. et al .
Role of circumferential margin involvement in the local recurrence of rectal cancer.
Lancet.
1994;
344
707-711
4
Bohnhacker S, Seitz U, Soehendran N.
Ergebnisse der endoskopischen Abtragung großer Kolonpolypen.
Endoskopie heute.
1993;
6
(4)
251-258
5
Frühmorgen P.
Richtlinien für endoskopische Untersuchungen bei kolorektalen Polypen.
Z Gastroenterol.
1994;
32
371-374
6
Muto T, Sawade T, Sugihara K.
Treatment of carcinomas in adenomas.
World L Surg.
1991;
15
35-40
7
Hintze R E, Adler A, Veltzke W.
Endoscopic resection of Large colorectal Adenomas: A Combination of Snare and Laser Ablation.
Endoscopy.
1995;
27
665-670
8
Curley S H, Roh M S, Rich T A.
Surgical therapy of early rectal carcinoma.
Hematol Oncol Clin N Amer.
1989;
3
87-101
9
Rothenberger D A, Wong W D.
Rectal cancer: adequaty of surgical management.
Ann Surg.
1985;
17
309-312
10
Estes N C, Morphis J G, Hornback N B, Jewell W R.
Intraarterial chemotherapy and hyperthermia for pain control in patients with recurrent rectal cancer.
Amer J Surg.
1986;
152
597-601
11
Mori M, Sugimachi K, Matsuda H, Ohno S, Inoue T, Nagamatsu M, Kuwano H.
Preoperative hyperthermochemotherapy for patients with rectal cancer.
Dis Colon Rect.
1989;
32
316-322
12
Dwight R W, Higgins G A, Keehn A.
Factors influencing survival after resection in cancer of the colon and rectum.
Amer J Surg.
1969;
117
512-518
13
Frykholm G, Hemmingsson A, Nyman R, Pahlman L, Glimelius G.
Nonresectable adenocarcinoma of the rectum assessed by MR imaging before and after chemotherapy and irradiation.
Acta Radiol.
1992;
33
447-452
14
Mason Y A.
Transsphincteric exposure for low rectal anastomosis.
Proc Roy Soc Med.
1972;
65
974-978
15
Hodgman C G, McCarty R L, Wolf B G, May G R, Berquist T H, Sheedy P F, Beart R W, Spencer R J.
Preoperative staging of rectal carcinoma by computed tomography and 0.15 T magnetic resonance imaging.
Dis Colon Rect.
1986;
29
446-450
16
Rifkin M D, Ehrlich S M, Marks G.
Staging of rectal carcinoma: prospective comparison of endorectal US and CT.
Radiology.
1989;
170
319-322
17
Palko A, Gyulai C S, Fedinecz N, Balogh A, Nagy F.
Water enema CT examination of rectum cancer by amount of water.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
2000;
172
901-904
18
Glaser F, Friedl P, von Ditfurth B, Schlag P, Herfarth C.
Influence of endorectal ultrasound on surgical treatment of rectal cancer.
Europ J Surg Oncol.
1990;
16
304-311
19
Hulsmans F J, Tio T L, Fockens P, Bosma A, Tytgat G N.
Assessment of tumor infiltration depth in rectal cancer with transrectal sonography: caution is necessary.
Radiology.
1994;
190
715-720
20
Tio T L, Coene P P, van Delden O M, Tytgat G N.
Colorectal carcinoma: preoperative TNM classification with endosonography.
Radiology.
1991;
179
165-170
21
Meyenberger C, Huch Böni R A, Bertschinger P, Zala G F, Klotz H P, Krestin G P.
Endoscopic Ultrasound and Endorectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging: a Prospective, Comparative Study for Preoperative Staging and Follow-Up of Rectal Cancer.
Endoscopy.
1995;
27
469-479
22
Kruskal J B, Sentovich S M, Kane R A.
Staging of Rectal Cancer after Polypectomie: Usefulness of Endorectal US.
Radiology.
1999;
211
31-35
23
Hulsmans F J, Mathus-Vliegen L MH, Bosman S, Bosma A, Tytgat N J.
Colorectal Adenomas: Inflammatory Changes That Simulate Malignancy after Laser Coagulation-Evaluation with Transrectal US.
Radiology.
1993;
187
367-371
24
Lindmark G E, Kraaz W G, Elvin P B, Glimelius B G.
Rectal Cancer: Evaluation of Staging with Endosonography.
Radiology.
1997;
204
533-538
25
Fleshman J, Myerson R J, Fry R D, Kodner I J.
Accuracy of transrectal ultrasound in predicting pathologic stage of rectal cancer before and after preoperative radiation therapy.
Dis Colon Rect.
1992;
35
823-829
26
Butch R J, Stark D D, Wittenberg J, Tepper J E, Saini S, Simeone J F, Mueller P R, Ferrucci J T.
Staging rectal cancer by MR and CT.
Amer J Roentgenol.
1986;
146
1155-1160
27
Guinet C, Buy J N, Ghossain M, Sezeur A, Mallet A, Bigot J M, Vadrot D, Ecoiffier J.
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the preoperative staging of rectal cancer.
Arch Surg.
1990;
125
385-390
28
Zerhouni E A, Rutter C, Hamilton S R, Balfe M D, Megibow A J. et al .
CT and MR Imaging in the Staging of Colorectal Carcinoma: Report of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group II.
Radiology.
1996;
200
443-451
29
Wallengren N O, Holtas S, Andren-Sandberg A, Jonsson E, Kristofferson D T, McGill S.
Rectal carcinoma: Double-contrast MR imaging for preoperative staging.
Radiology.
2000;
215
108-114
30
Schnall M D, Furth E E, Rosato E F, Kressel H Y.
Rectal Tumor Stage: Correlation of Endorectal MR Imaging and Pathologic Findings.
Radiology.
1994;
190
709-714
31
Vogl T J, Pegios W, Mack M G, Hünerbein M, Hintze R, Adler A, Lobbeck H, Hammerstingl R, Wust P, Schlag P, Felix R.
Accuracy of staging rectal tumors with contrast-enhanced transrectal MR imaging.
Am J Roentgenol.
1997;
168
1427-1434
32
Pegios W, Vogl T J, Mack M G, Balzer J O, Felix R.
Kontrastmittelunterstützte hochauflösende endorektale MRT: Beurteilung von perirektalen Lymphknoten bei Rektumkarzinomen. Korrelation mit der Histopathologie.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
1998;
168
S113
33
Pegios W, Vogl T J, Mack M G, Hünerbein M, Hintze H, Balzer J O, Lobeck H, Wust P, Schlag P, Felix R.
MRI diagnosis and staging of rectal carcinoma.
Abdom Imaging.
1996;
21
211-218
34
Pegios W, Vogl T J, Hünerbein M, Mack M G, Hintze R, Adler A, Söllner O, Lobeck H, Wust P, Schlag P, Felix R.
Hochauflösende Magnetresonanztomographie mittels Endorektalspule - Ergebnisse bei Tumoren des Rektums.
Fortschr Röntgenstr.
1996;
164
(2)
132-140
Dr. med. Wassilios Pegios
Institut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität
Theodor-Stern-Kai 7
60590 Frankfurt am Main
Phone: + 49-69-63017277
Fax: + 49-69-63017258