Zusammenfassung
Es wird ein differenziertes Thromboembolie-Prophylaxeschema unter überwiegender Verwendung
des niedermolekularen Heparins Dalteparin (NMH) sowie von unfraktioniertem Heparin
(UFH) vorgestellt und über die klinischen Ergebnisse aus 5 Jahren Anwendung an einem
rein traumatologischen Patientengut berichtet. Bei 11 905 operativ behandelten Patienten
wurden 122 tiefe Beinvenenthrombosen (TVT) (Rate 0,98 %) und 19 Lungenembolien (LE)
(Rate 0,16 %) klinisch diagnostiziert. Die TVT wurden phlebographisch verifiziert.
59,8 % der TVT waren auf den Unterschenkel begrenzt. Der Zeitraum zwischen Trauma/OP
und Diagnose der TVT/LE betrug 10,7 Tage (1 - 42). 12-mal fand sich eine HIT Typ
II (nur 1 × unter NMH). Die höchsten diagnosebezogenen Thromboseraten zeigten sich
nach Tibiakopffrakturen (12,4 %), Knie-TEP (6,7 %), Polytraumen (6,5 %) und Hüft-TEP
(2,6 %), wobei die Anzahl proximaler TVT bei Polytraumen am höchsten war. Das Prophylaxeschema
war praktikabel. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich auch im klinischen Alltag die
medikamentöse Thromboembolieprophylaxe mit NMH bewährt und dass vor allem den frischen
Frakturen am Knie besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt werden muss.
Abstract
We present a differentiated scheme for prophylaxis of thromboembolism using mostly
the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin (LMWH) and in some cases unfractionated
heparin (UFH). We report our clinical results of applying this scheme over a 5 year
period in a traumatological center. In 11 905 operatively treated patients 122 deep
vein thromboses (DVT) of the lower extremities (rate 0.98 %) and 19 pulmonary embolisms
(PE) (rate 0.16 %) were clinically diagnosed. The DVT were phlebographically verified.
59.8 % of the DVT were limited to the calf. The time between trauma/operation and
diagnosis of the DVT was in average 10.7 days (1 - 42). A heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
type II was diagnosed in 12 cases (only 1 × with LMWH). The highest diagnosis-related
rates of DVT we found in fractures of the tibial head (12.4 %), total knee arthroplasty
(6.7 %), polytraumata (6.5 %) and total hip arthroplasty (2.6 %). The number of proximal
DVT was highest in polytraumata. Our scheme proved to be of good practical use. Our
results show, that also in daily clinical practice the prophylaxis of DVT/PE with
LMWH is favourable and more attention has to be drawn to the fractures especially
of the knee.
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Dr. med. M. E. Wenzl
Abteilung für Unfall- und Wiederherstellungschirurgie · Berufsgenossenschaftliches
Unfallkrankenhaus Hamburg
Bergedorfer Straße 10 · 21033 Hamburg ·
Telefon: 040/7306-2456
Fax: 040/7306-2403
eMail: m.wenzl@buk-hamburg.de