Grundproblematik und
Fragestellung: Die Pankreas-Nierentransplantation (PNTx) ist
derzeit das einzige Verfahren zur Heilung von Patienten mit Diabetes
mellitus Typ 1. Dennoch wird sie in Deutschland trotz Transplantationsbedarfs
und trotz vorhandener Spenderorgane im Vergleich zur USA selten
durchgeführt. Sind Informationsdefizite dafür
verantwortlich?
Material und Methoden: Ein Fragebogen,
der 16 Aussagen für und gegen die PNTx gegenüberstellte,
wurde an 960 Dialysezentren in Deutschland geschickt.
Ergebnisse: 397 von 960 Bogen gingen
beantwortet an die Studienzentrale ein (Rücklaufquote 41,4 %).
Regionale Repräsentativität war gegeben. Das zentrale
Argument gegen die kombinierte PNTx war
ein vermuteter Mangel an Spenderorganen (89 %).
Danach folgten eine vermutete längere Wartezeit für
die kombinierte PNTx (60 %), ein vermuteter Mangel
an qualifizierten Transplantationszentren (40 %)
und eine vermutete schlechtere Langzeittransplantatfunktion (38 %).
Die wichtigste Variable, die die Ausprägung richtiger/falscher
Antworten beeinflusste, war der direkte Kontakt mit einem kooperierenden
Transplantationszentrum. Befragte mit direktem Kontakt zu einem Zentrum
(n = 230) vertraten bei 14 der 16 Einzelaussagen
signifikant (p < 0,05 bis p < 0,001)
häufiger richtige Meinungen, auch war ihre Einstellung
zur PNTx insgesamt positiver (p < 0,001). Die
Größe des Dialysezentrums, gemessen an der Anzahl
der Dialyseplätze, hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Ausprägung
der richtig/falsch-Antworten.
Folgerung: Die PNTx wird von den meisten
Dialyseärzten hinsichtlich ihrer Möglichkeiten
für die Therapie niereninsuffizienter Typ-1-Diabetiker
unterschätzt. Daher sind künftig Informationsbemühungen
zu verstärken.
Background and objective: The
pancreas kidney transplantation (PKTx) currently is the only treatment
for cure for patients with diabetes mellitus Type 1. Despite the
availability of organs and the need for therapy the PKTx rate is
much lower in Germany than it is in the United States. Is this attributable
to an information gap?
Material and methods: A questionnaire
contrasting 16 statements pro and con PKTx was sent to 960 dialysis
centres in Germany.
Results: 397 out of 960 questionnaires
were returned, resulting in an response rate of 41.4 %.
Regional representativity was established. The central argument against combined PKTx was an assumed lack
of organs (89 %). Other con-arguments were assuming
a long waiting list (60 %), lack of qualified
transplantation centres (40 %) and poor long-time
transplant function (38 %). The most important
moderator variable of the distribution of correct/incorrect
answers was the direct contact to a cooperating transplant centre.
Respondents with direct contact (n = 230)
were significantly (p < 0.05 to < 0.001)
more likely to hold correct answers with respect to 14 out of 16
single PKTx-related statements. The size of the dialysis centre
as determined by the number of patients treated did not alter the
distribution of correct/incorrect answers.
Conclusion: The majority of nephrologists
treating patients with Type 1 diabetes underestimate the potential
of PKTx. More efforts to increase information are necessary.
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. B. Greger
Abteilung Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Helmut-G.-Walther-Klinikum
Prof.-Arneth-Straße 2
96215 Lichtenfels
Phone: 09571/12381
Fax: 09571/12442
Email: greger@klinikum-lichtenfels.de