Virale Infektionen als potenzielle Auslöser rheumatischer Erkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Eine virale Genese ist für keine der klassischen entzündlich-rheumatischen Erkrankungen bewiesen. Dennoch gibt es zahlreiche Hypothesen zur Beteiligung von Viren an der Entstehung dieser Krankheiten. Besonders intensiv untersucht wurden Retroviren und Viren der Herpesgruppe im Hinblick auf ihre Rolle bei der Entstehung der Rheumatoiden Arthritis, des Sjögren-Syndroms und des SLE. Mögliche Mechanismen für die Krankheitsentstehung sind das molekulare Mimikry, die chronische Stimulation des Immunsystems durch lymphotrope Viren und die Interferenz einer Virusinfektion mit dem programmierten Zelltod (Apoptose).

Abstract

There is currently no clearcut evidence of a viral pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases. However, there are numerous hypotheses as to the contribution of viruses to the development of rheumatic disorders. Retroviruses and viruses of the herpes family have been intensely studied with respect to their pathogenetic role in rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. Molecular mimicry, the chronic stimulation of the immune system by lymphotropic viruses as well as the interference of viral infections with apoptosis are being discussed as potential mechanisms for the triggering of rheumatic diseases.

Literatur

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