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DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-33540
The N-Cumyl
Group for Facile Manipulation of Carboxamides, Sulfonamides and
Aryl O-Carbamates
Post-Directed ortho Metalation
Publication History
Publication Date:
17 September 2002 (online)
Directed metalation groups (DMGs) are sometimes compromised by the inability to convert them to different functionalities under mild conditions in post-directed ortho metalation (DoM) steps. [1] The advent of N-cumyl modified carboxamide, sulfonamide and O-carbamate DMGs, [2] whose primary advantages over analogous N-t-Bu [3] and other N-alkyl systems rest in fast and/or mild hydrolysis post-DoM, has opened new possibilities for the manipulation of substituted aromatics (Scheme 1). Starting materials are easily prepared by treating the appropriate benzoyl or sulfonyl chlorides with cumyl amine [4] for access to benzamides and sulfonamides, respectively, or by treating phenyl chloroformate with a secondary N-alkyl-N-cumyl amine [5] for O-carbamates.
This Spotlight reviews several applications of N-cumyl-substituted functional groups in organic synthesis since the preliminary results of 1999. [2]
Scheme 1
-
1a
Snieckus V. Chem. Rev. 1990, 90: 879 -
1b
Cuevas J.-C.Patil P.Snieckus V. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30: 5841 - 2
Metallinos C.Nerdinger S.Snieckus V. Org. Lett. 1999, 1: 1183 - 3 More forcing conditions are required
to dealkylate N-t-Bu benzamides;
see:
Reitz DB.Massey SM. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55: 1375 -
4a Cumyl
amine can be prepared from cumyl alcohol by a modification of the
procedure of:
Balderman D.Kalir A. Synthesis 1978, 24 . The azide is reduced with LiAlH4 (Et2O/0 °C → r.t. → reflux) or H2 (Lindlar’s catalyst/EtOH) instead of Raney nickel -
4b
Cumyl amine is also commercially available from TCI America: catalogue no. C1293.
- 5
Melnick M.Reich SH.Lewis KK.Mitchell JLJ.Nguyen D.Trippe AJ.Dawson H.Davies JF.Appelt K.Wu B.Musick L.Gehlhaar DK.Webber S.Shetty B.Kosa M.Kahil D.Andrada D. J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39: 2795 - 6
Charette AB.Chua P. Synlett 1998, 163 - 8
Chao W.Weinreb SM. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000, 41: 9199 - 9
Clayden J.Menet CJ.Mansfield DJ. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 4229 - 10
Clayden J.Tchabanenko K. Chem. Commun. 2000, 317 - 11
Metallinos C. Ph.D. Thesis Queen’s University; Kingston, Ontario, Canada: 2001. - 12
Tsukazaki M.Tinkl M.Roglans A.Chapell BJ.Taylor NJ.Snieckus V. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118: 685 - 13
Laufer RS.Veith U.Taylor NJ.Snieckus V. Org. Lett. 2000, 2: 629
References
Ang, P. J. A.; Metallinos, C.; Snieckus, V., unpublished results.
14Metallinos, C.; Szillat, H.; Taylor, N. J.; Snieckus, V., manuscript in preparation.