Synthetic Tritium Labeling: Reagents and Methodologies

Abstract

This review presents a survey of new high specific activity tritium labeling reagents and methodologies developed in recent years and their applications to tritium labeling chemistry. The review is organized on the basis of reagent type, its development and applications. Emphasis is placed on the synthetic applications of the reagents and techniques that have an exceptionally high capability to produce high specific activity tritium labeled compounds. The focus of this review is on chemical labeling syntheses and does not include heterogeneous/homogeneous metal-catalyzed hydrogen-tritium exchange and biochemical reactions.

• 1 Introduction

• 2 Synthesis and Applications of Tritiated Hydrides

• 2.1 Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Borotritide Reagents (LiBT₄, NaBT₄, KBT₄)

• 2.2 Lithium Tritide (LiT)

• 2.3 Lithium Supertritide (LiEt₃BT)

• 2.4 Lithium Aluminum Tritide (LiAlT₄)

• 2.5 Lithium Selectride [Li(sec-Bu)₃BT]

• 2.6 Lithium Trimethoxyborotritide [Li(OCH₃)₃BT]

• 2.7 Tritiated [2-(1,3-Dithianyl)]myrtanylborane (MDBT₂)

• 2.8 Tritiated Methylborane (CH₃BT₂)

• 2.9 Tritiated Lithium 9-Boratabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane
  (Li9-BBNT)

• 2.10 Tritiated BoraneTHF Complex (BT₃THF)

• 2.11 Lithium Borotritide (LiBT₄)

• 2.12 Tritiated Schwartz’ Reagent (ZrCp₂ClT)

• 2.13 Tritiated Silanes

• 2.14 Tributyltin tritide (Bu₃SnT)

• 2.15 Tritiated Triacetoxy Sodium Borotritide [NaBT(OAc)₃]

• 3 Synthesis and Applications of Tritiated Water

• 3.1 Tritiated Water (T₂O)

• 3.2 Tritiated Methylene Diiodide (CHTI₂)

• 3.3 Tritiated Diimide (TN=NT)

• 3.4 Tritioolefination

• 3.5 Base-Induced Tritiodesilylation

• 3.6 Fluoride-Induced Tritiodesilylation

• 3.7 Tritiated Diazomethane (CHTN₂)

• 4 Catalytic Tritiations with Tritium Gas

• 4.1 Catalytic Tritiodehalogenation

• 4.2 Heterogeneous Catalytic Tritiations

• 4.3 Homogeneous Catalytic Tritiations

• 5 Tritium Labeling via Organometallic Compounds

• 5.1 Metallation/Reduction with Tritium Gas

• 5.2 Metallation/Reduction with Tritiated Water

• 6 Conclusion

Key words

tritiated hydrides - heterogeneous catalytic tritiations - high specific activity -

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1

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