Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung: Überprüfung der Effektivität der Ultraschall-Thrombolyse in vitro im Vergleich mit
einem etablierten Thrombektomie-Verfahren und in einer Pilotstudie bei Verschlüssen
peripherer Arterien. Methode: Ultraschall-Thrombolyse und Amplatz-Thrombektomie (ATD) wurden unter standardisierten
Bedingungen bei ein und 5 Tage alten humanen Vollblutthromben, thrombininduzierten
Thromben sowie alten, organisierten Thromben durchgeführt. Außerdem wurde die Ultraschall-Thrombolyse
bei 4 Patienten mit 3 Tage bis 1 Jahr alten Verschlüssen der A. femoralis superficialis
oder A. iliaca eingesetzt. Ergebnisse: Das Thrombusgewicht betrug nach Ultraschall-Lyse 1,5 ± 0,53 g (ATD: 0 g) und war
damit geringer als das Thrombusgewicht ohne Behandlung (3,65 ± 0,34 g). Die Effektivität
der Ultraschall-Thrombolyse war bei 5 Tage alten Thromben höher als bei einem Tag
alten. Bei einem Patienten mit frischem Verschluss der A. femoralis wurde eine partielle
Rekanalisation erreicht. In den übrigen Fällen war die Ultraschall-Thrombolyse ohne
erkennbare Wirkung. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Thrombektomierate der Ultraschall-Thrombolyse war in vitro deutlich geringer
als die des Amplatz-Thrombektomie-Verfahrens. Die Ergebnisse wurden von Alter und
Art des In-vitro-Thrombus beeinflusst. In vivo war mit der Ultraschall-Thrombolyse
alleine eine vollständige Rekanalisation peripherer Arterien nicht zu erreichen.
Abstract
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound thrombolysis in vitro in comparison with
thrombectomy, and in vivo as a pilot-study for the treatment of thrombotic occlusions
of peripheral arteries. Methods: Under standardized conditions, one-day-old and five-day-old thrombi of whole blood,
thrombin-induced thrombi and old organized thrombi of human blood were treated with
ultrasound thrombolysis and Amplatz thrombectomy device (ATD). Four patients with
arterial occlusive disease of Fontaine stage IIb-Ill underwent intraarterial ultrasound-thrombolysis,
applied to long segmental occlusions of the superficial femoral or iliac artery ranging
in duration from three days to one year. Results: The weight of the thrombi after ultrasound thrombolysis was 1.5 g þ 0.53 (ATD: 0
g) compared to 3.65 g þ 0.34 without treatment, with more weight reduction in five-day-old
thrombi than in one-day-old thrombi. In vivo, partial recanalization was achieved
in a three-day-old femoral occlusion. There was no effect in the other three patients.
Urokinase thrombolysis with subsequent PTA and stenting resulted in complete recanalization
in three patients. Conclusions: Ultrasound thrombolysis in vitro was significantly less effective than ATD. The results
of ultrasound thrombolysis were influenced by the age of the thrombus and its in vitro
formation. Intravascular ultrasound thrombolysis alone was insufficient to treat occluded
peripheral arteries in vivo.
Schlüsselwörter
Arterie - Arterie Verschluss - Arterie Thrombektomie - Arterie Thrombolyse, Ultraschall
Key words
Artery - artery, occlusion - artery, thrombectomy - artery, thrombolysis, ultrasound
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Dr. med. Karsten Krüger
Institut und Poliklinik für Radiologische Diagnostik des Klinikums der Universität
zu Köln
Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße
50924 Köln
Phone: + 49-221-4785060
Fax: + 49-221-4784213
Email: Karsten.Krueger@uni-koeln.de