Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-35797
The Neurological Bases of Apraxia of Speech
Publication History
Publication Date:
03 December 2002 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/ssl/200204/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-2002-35797-1.jpg)
ABSTRACT
Which site(s) of brain damage are associated with apraxia of speech (AOS)? There appears to be little agreement. The article first considers some reasons why not. Even allowing for factors that may have influenced findings, a definitive answer to the question of the neurological bases of AOS is not currently possible. The article goes on to look briefly at developments in the field of motor control, and limb and buccofacial apraxia in particular, that may hold clues to an answer or at least to asking the right questions. In particular, if AOS is to be understood as a motor disorder, then models compatible with motor control and its neurophysiological underpinnings must be sought. Current models of motor control and apraxia stress the sensorimotor, distributed, interactive nature of control across multiple brain areas.
KEYWORDS
Apraxia of speech - motor control - limb apraxia
REFERENCES
- 1 Kent R. Speech motor models and developments in neurophysiological science. In: Hulstijn W, Peters H, van Lieshout P, eds. Speech Production and Motor Control Amsterdam: Elsevier 1997: 13-36
- 2 Wise R, Green J, Buchel C, Scott S. Brain regions involved in articulation. Lancet . 1999; 353 1057-1061
- 3 Dogil G, Ackermann H, Grodd W. The speaking brain: tutorial introduction to fMRI experiments in the production of speech, prosody and syntax. J Neuroling . 2002; 15 59-90
- 4 Square P, Roy E, Martin R. Apraxia of speech: another form of praxis disruption. In: Rothi L, Heilman K, eds. Apraxia Hove, UK: Psychology Press 1997: 173-206
- 5 McNeil M, Doyle P, Wambaugh J. Apraxia of speech: a treatable disorder of motor planning and programming. In: Nadeau S, Rothi L, Crosson B, eds. Aphasia and Language: Theory to Practice New York: Guilford 2000: 221-266
- 6 Leonard C, Puranik C, Kuldau J, Lombardino L. Normal variation in the frequency and location of human auditory cortex landmarks. Cerebral Cortex . 1998; 8 397-406
- 7 Merians A, Clark M, Poizner H. Apraxia differs in corticobasal degeneration and left parietal stroke: a case study, Brain Lang . 1999; 40 314-335
- 8 Rossell S, Bullimore E, Williams S, David A. Sex differences in functional brain activation during a lexical visual field task. Brain Lang . 2002; 80 97-105
- 9 Bizzozero I, Costato D, Della Sala S. Upper and lower face apraxia: role of the right hemisphere. Brain . 2000; 123 2213-2230
- 10 Rugg M. Functional neuroimaging in cognitive neuroscience. In: Brown C, Hagoort P, eds. The Neurocognition of Language Oxford: Oxford University Press 1999: 15-36
- 11 Buckingham H. Explanations for the concept of apraxia of speech. In: Sarno M, ed. Acquired Aphasia, 3rd ed New York: Academic 1998: 269-307
- 12 Flynn F, Benson D, Ardila A. Anatomy of the insula-functional and clinical correlates. Aphasiology . 1999; 13 55-78
- 13 Miller N. Changing ideas in apraxia of speech. In: Papathanasiou I, ed. Acquired Neurogenic Communication Disorders London: Whurr 2000: 173-202
- 14 Buxbaum L, Schwartz M, Montgomery M. Ideational apraxia and naturalistic action. Cognitive Neuropsychology . 1998; 15 617-643
- 15 Buxbaum L. Ideomotor apraxia: a call to action. Neurocase . 2001; 7 445-458
- 16 Miller N. Pronunciation errors in acquired speech disorders. Eur J Dis Commun . 1995; 30 346-361
- 17 Van der Merwe A. Theoretical framework for the characterisation of pathological speech sensorimotor control. In: McNeil M, ed. Clinical Management of Sensorimotor Speech Disorders New York: Thieme 1997: 1-25
- 18 Ziegler W. Psycholinguistic and motor theories of apraxia of speech. Semin Speech Lang . 2002; 23 231-244
- 19 Nickels L. Theoretical and methodological issues in the cognitive neuropsychology of spoken word production. Aphasiology . 2002; 16 3-19
- 20 Perkell J, Guenther F, Lane H. A theory of speech motor control. J Phonetics . 2000; 28 232-272
- 21 Leiguarda R, Marsden D. Limb apraxias: higher disorders of sensorimotor integration. Brain . 2000; 123 860-879
- 22 Coleman J. Cognitive reality and the phonological lexicon. Journal of Neurolinguistics . 1998; 11 295-320
- 23 Jahanshashi M, Frith C. Willed action and its impairments. Cognitive Neuropsychology . 1998; 15 483-533
- 24 Jeannerod M. To act or not to act: perspectives on the representation of actions. Q J Exp Psychol . 1999; 52A 1-29
- 25 Miller K, Cohen J. An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu Rev Neurosci . 2001; 21 167-202
- 26 Hanna-Pladdy B, Heilman K, Foundas A. Cortical and subcortical contributions to ideomotor apraxia. Brain . 2001; 124 2513-2527
- 27 Edwards S, Miller N. Using EPG to investigate speech errors and motor agility in a dyspraxic patient. Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics . 1989; 3 111-126
- 28 Hageman C, Robin D, Moon J, Folkins J. Oral motor tracking in normal and apraxic speakers. Clinical Aphasiology . 1993; 22 219-229
- 29 Haaland K, Harrington D, Knight R. Spatial deficits in ideomotor limb apraxia: a kinematic analysis of aiming movements. Brain . 1999; 122 1169-1182
- 30 Hickok G, Erhard P, Kassubek J. fMRI study of the role of left posterior superior temporal gyrus in speech production: implications for explanation of conduction aphasia. Neurosci Lett . 2000; 287 156-160
- 31 Anderson R, Snyder L, Bradley D, Xing J. Multimodal representation of space in posterior parietal cortex, its use in planning movements. Annu Rev Neurosci . 1997; 20 303-330
- 32 Colby C, Goldberg M. Space and attention in parietal cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci . 1999; 22 319-349
- 33 Pochon J-B, Levy R, Poline J-B. Role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the preparation of forthcoming actions: an fMRI study. Cereb Cortex . 2001; 11 260-266
- 34 Jueptner M, Weiller C. Differences between cerebellar and basal ganglia control of movements as revealed by functional imaging studies. Brain . 1998; 121 437-449
- 35 Ackermann H, Hertrich I. Contributions of the cerebellum to speech processing. Journal of Neurolinguistics . 2000; 13 95-116
- 36 Miall R, Reckess G. Cerebellum and timing of coordinated eye and hand tracking. Brain Cogn . 2002; 48 212-226
- 37 Jueptner M, Stephan K, Frith C. Anatomy of motor learning I: frontal cortex and attention to action. J Neurophysiol . 1997; 77 1313-1324
- 38 Bizzi E, Mussa-Ivaldi F. Neural basis of motor control and its cognitive implications. Trends in Cognitive Sciences . 1998; 2 97-102
- 39 Rizzolati G, Arbib M. Language within our grasp. Trends Neurosci . 1998; 21 188-194
- 40 Ivry R, Justus T. A neural instantiation of the motor theory of speech perception. Trends Neurosci . 2001; 24 513-515
- 41 Scholle H-Ch, Bradl U, Hefter H, Dohle C h, Freund H-J. Force regulation is deficient in patients with parietal lesions. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol . 1998; 109 203-214
- 42 Battaglia-Mayer A, Caminiti R. Optic ataxia as a result of the breakdown of the global tuning fields of parietal neurones. Brain . 2002; 125 225-237