Brustkrebs und Strahlensensibilität: eine gemeinsame erbliche Veranlagung? Eine Übersicht

Zusammenfassung

Eine familiäre Häufung und eine vorausgegangene Exposition durch ionisierende Strahlen zählen zu den besonderen Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung eines Mammakarzinoms. Neuere Erkenntnisse legen nahe, dass beiden Faktoren eine gemeinsame erbliche Disposition zugrunde liegen könnte. Wir referieren hier die bisher bekannten genetischen Ursachen für ein erhöhtes Brustkrebsrisiko. Mutationen in den meisten der bisher identifizierten Gene vermitteln eine erhöhte zelluläre Strahlensensibilität, oft einhergehend mit einer erhöhten Chromosomenbrüchigkeit. Erbe und Umwelt wirken bei der Entstehung eines Mammakarzinoms möglicherweise häufiger zusammen als bisher angenommen.

Abstract

Family history and a previous exposition by ionising radiation are among the most common risk factors for the development of breast cancer. Recent evidence suggests that both factors may share a common genetic predisposition. Here, we review the hitherto known genetic causes for an increased breast cancer risk. Most of the mutant genes identified up to now mediate an increased cellular radiosensitivity, often accompanied by a decrease in the repair of chromosome breaks. Hereditary and environmental factors may have acted synergistically in most breast cancer cases.

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