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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-37072
Akutes Koronarsyndrom ohne ST-Hebung - Therapie
Acute coronary syndromes without ST-elevation - treatmentPublication History
eingereicht: 13.12.2002
akzeptiert: 10.1.2003
Publication Date:
29 April 2004 (online)

Die Behandlung des akuten Koronarsyndroms (ACS) hat sich in den letzten Jahren erheblich gewandelt. Dies ist zum einen bedingt durch ein besseres Verständnis der Pathogenese und zum anderen durch Fortschritte der medikamentösen und der interventionellen Therapie.
Im Wesentlichen können folgende Ansätze der Akuttherapie unterschieden werden: 1) antianginöse, 2) gerinnungshemmende und 3) revaskularisierende Therapie (Katheterintervention, Bypassoperation). Ausschlaggebend für die Therapieentscheidung ist das individuelle Risiko des Patienten.
Im Folgenden werden die einzelnen therapeutischen Schemata dargestellt. Die üblichen Dosierungen der aufgeführten Substanzen sind in Tab. [1] und der Grad der Evidenz der verschiedenen Therapieempfehlungen ist in Tab. [2] aufgeführt.
Tab. 1 Medikamente und Dosierungen beim akuten Koronarsyndrom. Medikament Akuttherapie Dauertherapie Antianginöse Substanzen Nitrate Nitrospray 0,8 mg (2 Hübe) 1 - 2 x 20 - 60 mg tägl. unretardiert Dauerinfusion 1 - 5 mg/h i. v. 1 x 60 - 120 mg tägl. retardiert Betablocker Metoprolol 50 mg i. v. Metoprolol 2 x 50 - 100 mg tägl. Bisoprolol 1 x 2,5 - 10 mg tägl. Antikoagulation Unfraktioniertes Heparin (UFH) 5000 IE Bolus i. v. Dauerinfusion 1000 IE/h i. v. aPTT 1,5 - 2,5fach (50 - 80 sec.) Niedermolekulares Heparin (LMWH) Enoxaparin 1 mg/kg KG s. c. 2 x tgl. Antithrombo-zytäre Substanzen Acetylsalicylsäure (ASS) Aspisol® 500 mg i. v. Bolus ASS 1 x 100 mg tägl. lebenslang Clopidogrel (Plavix®, Iscover®) „Loading dose” 300 mg (4 Tabletten) 1 x 75 mg tägl. Für 9 - 12 Monate Abciximab (ReoPro®) 0,25 mg/kg KG i. v. Bolus 0,125 µg/kg KG/min Dauerinfusion Tirofiban (Aggrastat®) 10 µg/kg KG i. v. Bolus 0,15 µg/kg KG/min Dauerinfusion Eptifibatide (Integrilin®) 180 µg/kg KG/min i. v. Bolus 2 µg/kg KG/min Dauerinfusion
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Dr. med. Michael Weber
Abteilung für Kardiologie, Kerckhoff Klinik
Benekestraße 2-8
61231 Bad Nauheim
Email: Michael.Weber@kerckhoff.med.uni-giessen.de