Anamnese und klinischer
Befund: Eine 77-jährige Patientin wurde mit rezidivierenden
symptomatischen Hypoglykämien bei einem unklaren Tumor
der Leber stationär aufgenommen. Nach Ausschluss eines
Diabetes mellitus, eines Hyperinsulinismus, einer reaktiven Hypoglykämie
und einer verminderten hepatischen Glukoneogenese bestand klinisch
der Verdacht auf eine extrapankreatische Tumorhypoglykämie
(EPTH).
Untersuchungen: Nach 4 - 6-stündiger
Nahrungskarenz lagen die Blutzuckerwerte im Serum zwischen 30 und
50 mg/dl. Der Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I
im Serum war deutlich erniedrigt, der IGF-II-Wert zeigte sich hochnormal,
mit einem auffallend erhöhten Anteil des „big”-IGF-II
(34 %). Das IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 war
extrem erhöht, während das IGFBP-3 im unteren Normbereich
lag. Die histologische Untersuchung des Tumors der Leber ergab ein
malignes Hämangioperizytom.
Therapie und Verlauf: Die Patientin
wurde symptomatisch mit Glukokortikoiden behandelt und erhielt eine
experimentelle Therapie im Rahmen einer klinischen Studie. Neben
einer Stabilisierung des Glukosestoffwechsels konnte dadurch ein
Stillstand des Tumorwachstums erreicht werden. Laborchemisch zeigte
sich ein leichter Anstieg des IGF-I-Wertes. Der IGF-II-Wert und
der prozentuale Anteil des „big”-IGF-II blieben
konstant. Das vermutlich aus dem Tumor stammende IGFBP-2 war weiterhin
angestiegen, während das IGFBP-3 unterhalb des Normbereiches
abgefallen war.
Folgerung: Die extrapankreatische Tumorhypoglykämie
(EPTH) ist eine seltene Differentialdiagnose rezidivierender Hypoglykämien.
Das tumorassoziierte „big”-IGF-II hat aufgrund
seiner veränderten Bindungseigenschaften eine höhere
Bioverfügbarkeit. Durch eine gesteigerte Glukoseaufnahme
in verschiedene Gewebe, bzw. durch Hemmung der hepatischen Glukoneogenese und
Lipolyse werden Hypoglykämien induziert. Eine Steroid-Therapie
kann bei inoperablen Patienten eine effektive symptomatische Therapiealternative
darstellen.
History and admission
findings: A seventy-seven year-old woman with an unclear tumor
of the liver suffered from recurrent hypoglycemia and was therefore
admitted to our hospital. As diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinism
and reactive forms of hypoglycemia could be excluded, the presumptive
diagnosis was non-islet-cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH).
Investigations: Postprandial glucose
levels were normal. Fasting glucose levels were 30 - 50 mg/dl.
Plasma insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I was below the normal range,
IGF-II was not elevated, although 34 % of plasma
IGF-II was present as „big”-IGF-II. IGF-binding
protein (IGFBP)-2 was extremely elevated, whereas IGFBP-3 was within
the normal range. Histological examinations of the tumor revealed
a hemangiopericytoma of the liver.
Treatment and course : After a 2-month
treatment with steroids and an experimental antiangiogenetic therapy,
the glucose metabolism became stable. The tumour did not grow. Simultaneously,
plasma IGF-II and „big”-IGF-II remained constant and
plasma IGF-I level improved slightly. IGFBP-2, which is presumable
produced by the tumor, increased, IGFBP-3 fell below the normal
range.
Conclusion: NICTH is a rare but important
differential diagnosis of recurrent hypoglycemia. The tumor derived
IGF-II has a higher than normal molecular weight („big”-IGF-II)
and shows different interactions with binding proteins, thus resulting
in an increased bioavailability. An increased glucose uptake in
different tissues as well as inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis
and lipolysis lead to severe hypoglycemia. If surgical therapy of
the tumor is not possible, symptomatic treatment with steroids may
represent an effective alternative to control severe hypoglycemia.
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Dr. med. K. Plikat
Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum
Regensburg
Franz-Joseph Strauss Allee 11
93053
Regensburg
Phone: 0941/9447010
Fax: 0941/9447019