Die elektrophysiologische Untersuchung des Blinkreflexes

J. J. Marx

doi:10.1055/s-2003-37748

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Klinische Neurophysiologie 2003; 34(1): 8-14
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-37748

Originalia

Die elektrophysiologische Untersuchung des Blinkreflexes

Physiologie, Ableitebedingungen und Bedeutung in der klinischen DiagnostikElectrophysiological Investigation of the Blink ReflexPhysiology, Electrophysiological Reflex Testing and Significance of Clinical DiagnosticsJ. J. Marx¹

¹Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie, Universität Mainz (Direktorin: Fr. Prof. Dr. med. M. Dieterich)

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Publication Date:
10 March 2003 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Der Blinkreflex mit seiner nach elektrischer Stimulation des Nervus trigeminus über dem Musculus orbicularis oculi ipsilateral ableitbaren frühen Antwortkomponente R1 und ipsi- und kontralateral zur Stimulation ableitbaren späten Antwortkomponente R2 ermöglicht Aussagen über die verschiedenen Abschnitte des polysynaptisch verschalteten Lidschlussreflexes. Insbesondere eignet er sich zum Nachweis funktioneller Läsionen im zentralen Verlauf des Reflexbogens durch den Pons und die Medulla oblongata. Die vorliegende Übersicht beschreibt die anatomischen Grundlagen des Reflexbogens und die Technik der elektrophysiologischen Ableitung. Daneben wird auf die klinische Bedeutung der Untersuchung bei verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern eingegangen, insbesondere bezüglich der topodiagnostischen Aussagen, die sich aus bestimmten Befundkonstellationen für die Lokalisation funktioneller Hirnstammläsionen ergeben.

Abstract

The electrophysiological investigation of the blink reflex allows evaluation of the different segments of the polysynaptically transmitted blinking response. The electromyographic response of the orbicularis oculi muscle to electrical stimulation of the trigeminal nerve consists of an early response ipsilateral to electrical stimulation (R1) and a late response ipsi- and contralateral to stimulation (R2). The reflex is especially useful in the diagnosis of functional lesions of the central part of the reflex loop in the pons and the medulla oblongata. The present papers reviews the anatomical and physiological basis of the reflex loop and the technique of electrophysiological reflex testing. Moreover, the clinical applications of the investigation are described, especially concerning the topodiagnosis of functional brainstem lesions.

Key words

Blink reflex - brainstem topodiagnosis - electrophysiological testing

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Dr. med. Jürgen J. Marx

Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurologie · Universität Mainz

Langenbeckstraße 1

55101 Mainz

Email: marx@neurologie.klinik.uni-mainz.de