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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-38285
Sympathisches Nervensystem und essentielle Hypertonie
Neue pathophysiologische AspekteSympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension New pathophysiologic aspectsPublication History
eingereicht: 28.8.2002
akzeptiert: 13.1.2003
Publication Date:
27 March 2003 (online)

Bei der essentiellen Hypertonie lässt sich insbesondere in der Frühphase des Krankheitsgeschehens eine erhöhte Aktivität des sympathischen Nervensystems nachweisen [6]. Durch die Untersuchung regionaler sympathischer Aktivierung konnte ein erhöhter Sympathikotonus vorwiegend an Herz, Nieren und Skelettmuskulatur nachgewiesen werden [6], was sich mit dem hämodynamischen Profil der frühen essentiellen Hypertonie in Einklang bringen lässt und welches durch Erhöhung von Herzfrequenz, Herzminutenvolumen und renalem Gefäßwiderstand charakterisiert ist [11]. Die pathophysiologischen Grundlagen des erhöhten Sympathikotonus sind jedoch weitgehend ungeklärt. Die gesteigerte kardiale und renale Freisetzung von Noradrenalin ist zumindest teilweise durch eine erhöhte Entladungsrate sympathischer Neurone bedingt, obwohl dies am Menschen nicht direkt gemessen werden kann. Mittels Mikroneurographie können jedoch zumindest die sympathischen Efferenzen zur Skelettmuskulatur direkt untersucht werden, die eng mit dem Entladungsmuster sympathischer Efferenzen zu inneren Organen korrelieren [29] [30]. Mikroneurographische Messungen bei essentiellen Hypertonikern haben eine deutlich gesteigerte Sympathikusaktivität in diesem Gebiet belegt [1] [13]. Neben einer offensichtlich gesteigerten Entladungsrate sympathischer Neurone gibt es weitere potenzielle neuronale Mechanismen, die zur erhöhten intrasynaptischen Konzentration von Noradrenalin und zur Entwicklung beziehungsweise Aufrechterhaltung neurogener Varianten der Hypertonie beitragen können.
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Dr. Markus P. Schlaich
Baker Heart Research Institute
PO Box 6492
St Kilda Road Central
Melbourne Vic 8008
Australia
Phone: 61/3/85321343
Fax: 61/3/85321100
Email: markus.schlaich@baker.edu.au