Hintergrund und Fragestellung: Die
vorliegende Studie soll den klinischen Nutzen des intraduktalen
Ultraschall (IDUS) im Rahmen der endoskopisch retrograden Cholangio-Pankreatikographie
(ERCP) evaluieren.
Patienten und Methodik: Während
einer 2-Jahres-Periode wurde prospektiv ein IDUS bei unklaren Gallengang-(GG-)
oder Pankreasgang(PG)-Stenosen in der ERCP sowie bei Patienten mit
Verdacht auf Choledocholithiasis, bei jedoch unauffälliger ERC,
durchgeführt. Gangstenosen wurden vor und nach Durchführung
des IDUS in benigne, maligne-duktale oder maligne-extraduktale Stenosen
differenziert und dann histologisch, mittels klinischer Verlaufsbeobachtung
bzw. bei vermuteten GG-Stein(en) mittels instrumenteller GG-Exploration
bestätigt.
Ergebnisse: Ein IDUS wurde bei 125 (60±14
Jahre, n = 62 weiblich) von 1303 ERCP-Untersuchungen
(9,6 %) angestrebt. In sieben Fällen
(6 % Ausfallquote) misslang die IDUS-Untersuchung aus
technischen Gründen. Für den IDUS wurde ein Zeitaufwand von
9±3 min benötigt. Die korrekte Einordnung von
GG-Stenosen gelang mittels ERCP plus IDUS bei 52/60 Patienten
(87 %) bzw. bei PG-Stenosen in 14/16
Fällen (88 %). Insgesamt wurden Gangstenosen
korrekt eingeschätzt mittels ERCP allein in 54/76 Fällen
(71 %), jedoch mittels zusätzlichem IDUS
bei 66/76 Pat. (87 %). Der korrekte Nachweis
oder Ausschluss einer Choledocholithiasis gelang mittels GG-IDUS
in 40/42 Fällen (95 %). Eine Änderung
der ERCP-Diagnose durch den IDUS-Befund erfolgte somit in 28/118
Fällen (24 %).
Folgerungen: Durch den Einsatz des IDUS
wird die diagnostische Genauigkeit der ERCP zur Klärung
unklarer Gangstenosen bzw. zum Nachweis von GG-Steinen bei geringem
Zeitaufwand und akzeptabler technischer Ausfallquote relevant erhöht.
Objective: This study assesses the value
of intraductal ultrasound (IDUS) when the findings of endoscopic
retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) are unclear.
Patients and methods: IDUS was performed
over a two-year period in cases of bile duct or pancreatic duct
stenosis of unknown origin found during ERCP or if cholelithiasis
was suspected but ERC was seemingly normal. Duct stenoses were classified,
before and after IDUS, as benign or malignant ductal or malignant
extraductal, the findings then being checked by clinical follow-up,
histology or, if bile duct stones had been suspected, by instrumental
bile duct exploration.
Results: Among 1303 ERCP investigations
IDUS was attempted in 125 patients (9.6%; average age 60±14
years; 62 females). IDUS failed in seven patients for technical
reasons (failure rate 6%). IDUS took an average time of
9±3 min. ERCP plus IDUS provided correct classification
in 52 of 60 patients with bile duct stenosis (87%), and
in 14 of 16 (88%) patients with pancreatic duct stenosis.
ERCP alone correctly classified duct stenosis in 54 of 76 patients
(87%), but in 66 of 76 (87%) with additional IDUS. The
correct demonstration or exclusion of choledocholithiasis was obtained
by IDUS in 40 of 42 patients (95%). Thus IDUS changed the
diagnosis made by ERCP in 28 of 118 patients (24%).
Conclusion: With minor expenditure of
time and an acceptable failure rate, additional IDUS after ERCP
increases the diagnostic accuracy in cases where ductal stenosis
or bile duct stones have not been clearly demonstrated.
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Prof. Dr. Till Wehrmann
Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum Hannover - Siloah
Roesebeckstraße 15
30449 Hannover
Telefon: 0511/9272231
Fax: 0511/9272669
eMail: twehrmann@hotmail.com