RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-39331
Measurement of Gastric Emptying by 13C-octanoic Acid Breath Test Versus Scintigraphy in Diabetics
Vergleich der Magenentleerungsmessung mit 13C-Oktansäure mit der Magenentleerungsszintigraphie bei DiabetikernPublikationsverlauf
Manuscript received: 27.11.2002
Accepted after revision: 12.2.2003
Publikationsdatum:
28. Mai 2003 (online)

Zusammenfassung
In einer prospektiven Studie sollte die Magenentleerungsmessung mit 13C-Oktansäure mit der Magenentleerungsszintigraphie bei Diabetikern verglichen und die Korrelation von klinischen Symptomen und autonomer Funktionsdiagnostik mit den erhobenen Befunden zur Magenentleerung überprüft werden.
Bei 24 Diabetikern wurden der 13C-Oktansäure-Atemtest und die Magenentleerungsszintigraphie mit einer festen Testmahlzeit (1 Ei, doppelt markiert mit 91 mg 13C-Oktansäure und 50 MBq 99mTechnetium-Nanocoll, 60 g Weißbrot, 5 g Margarine und 150 ml Wasser) simultan durchgeführt. In 15-minütigen Intervallen wurden über 4 Stunden Atemproben gewonnen und massenspektrometrisch untersucht. Parallel dazu wurden über 120 Minuten dynamische Aufnahmen mit 60 Sekunden pro frame aquiriert. Mittels 13C-Atemtest wurden Magenentleerungshalbwertszeit (tœ), Lag-Phase (tlag) und Magenentleerungskoeffizient (GEC) ermittelt und anschließend mit Hilfe einer linearen Regressionsanalyse mit den szintigraphisch bestimmten Parametern korreliert. Zum Nachweis einer kardiovaskulären autonomen Neuropathie wurde über 24 Stunden ein EKG abgeleitet. Die Prävalenz gastrointestinaler Symptome innerhalb des Kollektives wurde mit Hilfe eines standardisierten Fragebogens erfasst.
Sowohl die tœ-Werte (r = 0,8257; p < 0,0001) als auch die tlag-Werte (r = 0,6302; p < 0,001) aus Atemtest und Szintigraphie zeigten eine hochsignifikante positive Korrelation. Die Validitätsprüfung ergab für den Atemtest eine Sensitivität von 1 und eine Spezifität von 0,73. Ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen einer kardiovaskulären und einer gastrointestinalen autonomen Neuropathie sowie zwischen der Prävalenz gastrointestinaler Symptome und dem Vorliegen einer Magenentleerungsstörung konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden.
Der 13C-Oktansäure-Atemtest ist aufgrund seiner hochsignifikanten positiven Korrelation mit der Szintigraphie und seiner Validität bei Diabetikern geeignet, Magenentleerungsstörungen nachzuweisen. Eine Vorhersage einer diabetischen Gastroparese aufgrund von Symptomen oder von Ergebnissen anderer autonomer Funktionstests ist nicht möglich.
Abstract
In this prospective study, we compared the assessment of gastric emptying by the 13C-octanoic acid breath test to gastric emptying scintigraphy in diabetics. We also examined the relationship between gastric emptying parameters and gastric symptoms and cardiovascular autonomic function. The 13C-octanoic acid breath test and scintigraphy were performed simultaneously in 24 diabetics with a solid test meal (1 egg, doubly labelled with 91 mg 13C-octanoic acid and 50 MBq 99mTechnetium-Nanocoll, 60 g white bread, 5 g margarine and 150 ml water). At fifteen-minute intervalls, breath samples were taken over 4 hours and examined by mass spectrometry. In parallel, scintigraphy was performed for 2 hours at one minute intervals. Using breath test data, gastric emptying half time (tœ), lag-phase (tlag) and gastric emptying coefficient (GEC) were calculated. Subsequently, the correlation of these results with the equivalent data from scintigraphy were determined employing a regression method. To detect a cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, a 24-h ECG recording was performed. The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in our collective was assessed by a standardized questionnaire.
There was a highly significant positive correlation of both 13C-octanoic acid breath test tœ and scintigraphic tœ (r = 0.8257; p < 0.0001) and 13C-octanoic acid breath test tlag and scintigraphic tlag (r = 0.6302; p < 0.001). The sensitivity of the 13C-octanoic acid breath test was 1 and the specificity was 0.73. In our study, there was no significant association of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy. Furthermore, there was no significant relationship between the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric emptying disorders.
We conclude that the 13C-octanoic acid breath test represents a suitable method to measure disordered gastric emptying in diabetics due to its highly significant positive correlation to scintigraphy and due to its validity. It is not possible to predict diabetic gastroparesis on the basis of other autonomic function disorders or because of dyspeptic symptoms.
Schlüsselwörter
Magenentleerung - diabetische Gastroparese - Szintigraphie - 13C-Oktansäureatemtest - kardiovaskuläre autonome Funktion - gastrointestinale Symptome
Key words
Gastric emptying - diabetic gastroparesis - scintigraphy - 13C-octanoic acid breath test - cardiovascular autonomic function - gastric symptoms
References
- 1
Barnett J L, Owyang C.
Serum glucose concentration as a modulator of interdigestive gastric motility.
Gastroenterology.
1988;
94
739-744
MissingFormLabel
- 2
Fraser R, Horowitz M, Dent J.
Hyperglycaemia stimulates pyloric motility in normal subjects.
Gut.
1991;
32
475-478
MissingFormLabel
- 3
Hebbard G S, Sun W M, Dent J. et al .
Acute hyperglycaemia increases proximal gastric compliance [abstract].
Gastroenterology.
1994;
106
A 509
MissingFormLabel
- 4
Kassander P.
Asymptomatic gastric retention in diabetics (gastroparesis diabeticorum).
Ann Intern Med.
1958;
48
797-812
MissingFormLabel
- 5
Britland S T, Young R J, Sharma A K. et al .
Vagus nerve morphology in diabetic gastropathy.
Diabetic Med.
1990;
7
780-787
MissingFormLabel
- 6
Braden B, Enghofer M, Schaub M. et al .
Long-term cisapride treatment improves diabetic gastroparesis but not glycaemic control.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
2002;
16 (7)
1341-1346
MissingFormLabel
- 7
Feldmann M, Schiller L R.
Disorders of gastrointestinal motility associated with diabetes mellitus.
Ann Intern Med.
1983;
98
378-384
MissingFormLabel
- 8
Enck P, Rathmann W, Spiekermann M. et al .
Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetic patients and non-diabetic subjects.
Z Gastroenterol.
1994;
32
637-641
MissingFormLabel
- 9
Schwarz E, Palmer M, Ingberg C M. et al .
Increased prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in long-term type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetic Med.
1996;
13
478-481
MissingFormLabel
- 10
Horowitz M, Harding P E, Maddox A. et al .
Gastric and oesophageal emptying in insulindependent diabetes mellitus.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
1986;
1
97-113
MissingFormLabel
- 11
Horowitz M, Edelbroek M, Fraser R. et al .
Disordered gastric motor function in diabetes mellitus.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1991;
26
637-684
MissingFormLabel
- 12
Wegener M, Börsch G, Schaffstein J. et al .
Gastrointestinal transit disorders in patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus.
Dig Dis.
1990;
8
23-36
MissingFormLabel
- 13
Zitomer B R, Gramm H F, Kozak G P.
Gastric neuropathy in diabetes mellitus: Clinical and radiologic observations.
Metabolism.
1968;
17
199
MissingFormLabel
- 14
Jebbink H JA, Bravenboer B, Akkermans L MA. et al .
Relationship between dyspeptic symptoms and gastrointestinal motility in patients
with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Diabetologia.
1993;
36
948-954
MissingFormLabel
- 15
Campbell A, Conway H.
Gastric retention and hypoglycemia in diabetes.
Scot Med J.
1960;
5
167-168
MissingFormLabel
- 16
Wooten R L, Meriwether T W.
Diabetic gastric atony: a clinical study.
JAMA.
1961;
176
1082-1087
MissingFormLabel
- 17
Ghoos Y F, Maes B D, Geypens B J. et al .
Measurement of gastric emptying rate of solids by means of carbon-labelled octanoic
acid breath test.
Gastroenterology.
1993;
104
1640-1647
MissingFormLabel
- 18
Ziegler D, Schadewaldt P, Pour M irza A. et al .
[13C] Octanoic acid breath test for non-invasive assessment of gastric emptying in
diabetic patients: validation and relationship to gastric symptoms and cardiovascular
autonomic function.
Diabetologia.
1996;
39
823-830
MissingFormLabel
- 19
Pfaffenbach B, Wegener M, Adamek R J. et al .
Nicht-invasiver 13C-Oktansäureatemtest zur Messung der Magenentleerung einer festen
Testmahlzeit - Korrelation mit der Szintigraphie bei Diabetikern und Reproduzierbarkeit
bei gesunden Probanden.
Z Gastroenterol.
1995;
33
141-145
MissingFormLabel
- 20
Choi M G, Camilleri M, Burton D D. et al .
[13C] octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying of solids: accuracy, reproducibility
and comparison with scintigraphy.
Gastroenterology.
1997;
112
1155-1162
MissingFormLabel
- 21
Buysschaert M, Moulart M, Urbain J L. et al .
Impaired gastric emptying in diabetic patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
Diabetes Care.
1987;
10
448-452
MissingFormLabel
- 22
Abell T L, Cardoso S, Schwartzbaum J. et al .
Diabetic gastroparesis is associated with an abnormality in sympathetic innervation.
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
1994;
6
241-247
MissingFormLabel
- 23
Keshavarzian A, Iber F L, Vaeth B A.
Gastric emptying in patients with insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus.
Amer J Gastroenterol.
1987;
82
29-35
MissingFormLabel
- 24
Horowitz M, Harding P E, Maddox A. et al .
Gastric and oesophageal emptying in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
J Gastroenterol Hepatol.
1986;
1
97-113
MissingFormLabel
- 25
Horowitz M, Maddox A F, Wishart J M. et al .
Relationships between oesophageal transit and solid and liquid gastric emptying in
diabetes mellitus.
Eur J Nucl Med.
1991;
18
229-234
MissingFormLabel
- 26
Merio R, Festa A, Bergmann H. et al .
Slow gastric emptying in type I diabetes: relation to autonomic and peripheral neuropathy,
blood glucose and glycemic control.
Diabetes Care.
1997;
20
419-423
MissingFormLabel
- 27
Clouse R E, Lustman P J.
Gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetic patients: lack of association with neuropathy.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1989;
84
868-872
MissingFormLabel
- 28
Horowitz M, Harding P E, Maddox A F. et al .
Gastric and oesophageal emptying in patients with type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes
mellitus.
Diabetologia.
1989;
32
151-159
MissingFormLabel
- 29
Scarpello J MB, Barber D C, Hague R V. et al .
Gastric emptying of solid meals in diabetics.
Br Med J.
1976;
2
671-673
MissingFormLabel
- 30
Loba J M, Saryusz-Wolska M, Czupryniak L. et al .
Pancreatic polypeptide secretion in diabetic patients with delayed gastric emptying
and autonomic neuropathy.
J Diabetes Complications.
1997;
11
328-333
MissingFormLabel
- 31
Werth B, Meyer-Wyss B, Spinas G A. et al .
Non-invasive assessment of gastrointestinal motility disorders in diabetic patients
with and without cardiovascular signs of autonomic neuropathy.
Gut.
1992;
33
1199-1203
MissingFormLabel
- 32
Schwabe A D, Benett L R, Bowman L P.
Octanoic acid absorption and oxidation in humans.
J Appl Physiol.
1964;
19
111-115
MissingFormLabel
- 33
Bach A C, Babayan V K.
Medium-chain triglycerides: an update.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1982;
36
950-962
MissingFormLabel
- 34
Jandacek R J, Whiteside J A, Holcombe B N. et al .
The rapid hydrolysis and efficient absorption of triglycerides with octanoic acid
in the 1 and 3 positions and long-chain fatty acid in the 2 position.
Am J Clin Nutr.
1987;
45
940-945
MissingFormLabel
- 35
Ziessman H A, Fahey F H, Collen M J.
Biphasic solid and liquid gastric emptying in normal controls and diabetics using
continuous acquisition in the LAO view.
Dig Dis Sci.
1992;
37
744-750
MissingFormLabel
- 36
Fahey F H, Ziessman H A, Collen M J. et al .
Left anterior oblique projection and peak-to-scatter ratio for attenuation compensation
of gastric emptying studies.
J Nucl Med.
1989;
30
233-239
MissingFormLabel
- 37
Maurer A H, Knight L C, Charkes N D. et al .
Comparison of the left anterior oblique and geometric mean gastric emptying.
J Nucl Med.
1991;
32
2176-2180
MissingFormLabel
- 38
Wheeler T, Watkins P J.
Cardiac denervation in diabetes.
Br Med J.
1973;
4
584-586
MissingFormLabel
- 39 Bailar J C, Mosteller F. Medical technology assessment. Bailar JC, Mosteller F Medical uses of statistics Boston/Massachusetts; NEJM Books 1992: 393-411
MissingFormLabel
- 40
Pfaffenbach B, Schaffstein J, Adamek R J. et al .
13C-Acetat-Atemtest zur nicht-invasiven Beurteilung der Magenentleerung einer flüssig-festen
Testmahlzeit bei Diabetikern.
Dtsch med Wschr.
1996;
121
713-718
MissingFormLabel
- 41
Maes B D, Hiele M I, Geypens B J. et al .
Pharmacological modulation of gastric emptying rate of solids as measured by the carbon
labelled octanoic acid breath test: influence of erythromycin and propantheline.
Gut.
1994;
35
333-337
MissingFormLabel
- 42
Maes B D, Geypens B J, Ghoos Y F. et al .
13C-octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying rate of solids [letter].
Gastroenterology.
1998;
114
856-859
MissingFormLabel
- 43
Perri F, Clemente R, Festa V. et al .
13C-octanoic acid breath test: valueless test for gastric emptying? [letter].
Gastroenterology.
1998;
114
857-859
MissingFormLabel
- 44
Griffith G H, Owen G M, Kirkman S. et al .
Measurement of rate of gastric emptying using 51Chromium.
Lancet.
1966;
1
1244-1245
MissingFormLabel
- 45
Wegener M, Schaffstein J, Börsch G.
Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Magenentleerung - Grundlagen, Untersuchungsmethoden
und Therapie.
Med Klin.
1988;
10
335-341
MissingFormLabel
- 46
Urbaine J L, Siegel J A, Charkes N D. et al .
The two-component stomach: effects of meal particle size on fundal and antral emptying.
Eur J Nucl Med.
1989;
15
254-259
MissingFormLabel
- 47
Christian P E, Datz F L, Moore J G.
Gastric emptying in the morbidly obese before and after gastroplasty.
J Nucl Med.
1986;
27
1686-1690
MissingFormLabel
- 48
Collins P J, Horowitz M, Cook D J. et al .
Gastric emptying in normal subjects - a reproducible technique using a single scintillation
camera and computer system.
Gut.
1983;
24
1117-1125
MissingFormLabel
- 49
Collins P J, Horowitz M, Chatterton B E.
Attenuation correction and lag period in gastric emptying studies.
J Nucl Med.
1986;
27
867-868 (letter)
MissingFormLabel
- 50
Moore J G, Christian P E, Taylor A T. et al .
Gastric emptying measurements: Delayed and complex emptying patterns without appropriate
correction.
J Nucl Med.
1985;
26
1206-1210
MissingFormLabel
- 51
Tothill P, McLoughlin G P, Heading R C.
Techniques and errors in scintigraphic measurements of gastric emptying.
J Nucl Med.
1978;
19
256-261
MissingFormLabel
- 52
Jian R, Vigneron N, Najean Y. et al .
Gastric emptying and intragastric distribution of lipids in man. A new scintigraphic
method of study.
Dig Dis Sci.
1982;
27
705-711
MissingFormLabel
- 53
Moore J G, Tweedy C, Christian P E. et al .
Effect of age on gastric emptying of liquid-solid meals in man.
Dig Dis Sci.
1983;
28
340-344
MissingFormLabel
- 54
Choi M G, Camilleri M, Burton D D. et al .
Reproducibility and simplification of 13C-octanoic acid breath test for gastric emptying
of solids.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1998;
93
92-98
MissingFormLabel
- 55
Rathmann W, Enck P, Frieling T. et al .
Visceral afferent neuropathy in diabetic gastroparesis.
Diabetes Care.
1991;
14
1086-1089
MissingFormLabel
- 56
Camilleri M, Malagelada J R.
Abnormal intestinal motility in diabetics with gastroparesis syndrome.
Eur J Clin Invest.
1984;
14
420-427
MissingFormLabel
- 57
Jebbink H J, Bruijs P P, Bravenboer B. et al .
Gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with type I diabetes mellitus and autonomic
neuropathy.
Dig Dis Sci.
1994;
39
2376-2383
MissingFormLabel
- 58
Jebbink H J, Samsom M, Bruijs P P. et al .
Hyperglycaemia induces abnormalities of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients
with type I diabetes mellitus.
Gastroenterology.
1994;
107
1390-1397
MissingFormLabel
- 59
Jebbink H J, Bruijs P P, Bravenboer B. et al .
Gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with type I diabetes mellitus and autonomic
neuropathy.
Dig Dis Sci.
1994;
39
2376-2383
MissingFormLabel
- 60
Jebbink H J, Samsom M, Bruijs P P. et al .
Hyperglycaemia induces abnormalities of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients
with type I diabetes mellitus.
Gastroenterology.
1994;
107
1390-1397
MissingFormLabel
Dr. med. Alexandra Zahn
Innere Medizin IV
Bergheimer Straße 58
69115 Heidelberg
eMail: alexandra.zahn@med.uni-heidelberg.de