Zusammenfassung
Die Speicherung überschüssiger Energie im Fettgewebe wird durch fettreiche Ernährung und Bewegungsmangel begünstigt. Zudem besteht eine spezifische genetische Prädisposition für die Entstehung von Adipositas, was am interindividuell unterschiedlichen Ausmaß einer Gewichtszunahme bei kalorischem Überangebot deutlich wird. Zwar konnten in den vergangenen Jahren zahlreiche Genvarianten identifiziert werden, die eine Assoziation mit dem Körpergewicht bzw. mit adipositasassoziierten Stoffwechselstörungen zeigten. Allerdings fand sich einerseits oftmals eine unzureichende Reproduzierbarkeit der erhobenen Befunde an unterschiedlichen Kollektiven, andererseits blieben Gen-Gen-Interaktionen weitgehend unberücksichtigt. Angesichts der Tatsache, dass die Prädisposition für Adipositas zumeist nicht auf ein einzelnes Gen, sondern auf additive oder synergistische Effekte einer Vielzahl von Genvarianten zurückzuführen ist, müssen hier in Zukunft verstärkt Anstrengungen für ein besseres Verständnis relevanter Interaktionen erfolgen. Die Suche nach den entscheidenden molekularen Grundlagen der Adipositas wird nicht nur einen besseren Einblick in die Pathophysiologie des Energiestoffwechsels ermöglichen, sondern auch zur Entwicklung neuer Therapiestrategien für adipöse Patienten beitragen.
Abstract
The deposition of excess energy in adipose tissue is enhanced by high fat diets and lack of physical activity. Furthermore, the existence of a specific genetic predisposition towards the development of obesity becomes evident by marked interindividual differences in the response to caloric oversupply. In recent years, numerous genetic variants were identified with possible importance for human obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. However, in many cases genetic findings were divergent when tested in different cohorts. Furthermore, potential gene-gene interactions were rarely taken into account. Given the fact that an individual's predisposition for obesity is not due to the effect of a single gene, but the result of complex additive or synergistic effects of multiple genetic variants, more effort needs to be directed towards a better understanding of gene-gene interactions. The search for the key molecular basics of obesity will not only improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of energy metabolism, but will ultimately contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for obese patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Adipositas - Genetik - Gen-Gen-Interaktion - Fettgewebe - β-adrenerger Rezeptor
Key words
Obesity - genetics - gene-gene interaction - adipose tissue - β-adrenergic receptor
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PD Dr. med. Andreas Hamann
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