Asthma durch Getreidestaub

Zusammenfassung

Eine aktuelle Literaturübersicht sowie zwei im Einzelnen dargestellte Erkrankungsfälle belegen die Auslösung nicht allergischer asthmatischer Reaktionen und ODTS-Symptome durch Getreidestäube. Diagnostisch wegweisend sind arbeitsplatzbezogene Expositionstests, während die Allergiediagnostik meist nicht weiterführt. Als krankheitsursächlich sind v. a. Endotoxine anzusehen, die in den Getreidestäuben in hoher Konzentration nachgewiesen werden können. Zur Vermeidung irreversibler Lungenfunktionsstörungen sind eine eingehende Frühdiagnostik anzustreben sowie grundsätzlich eine wesentliche Reduktion der in der Landwirtschaft nach wie vor vielerorts anzutreffenden hohen inhalativen Belastung durch Endotoxin-reiche Stäube.

Abstract

The actual literature as well as two case reports described in detail show that grain dust induces asthmatic reactions and ODTS which are obviously not of allergic origin. For diagnosis occupational-type exposure tests are decisive whereas allergological testing usually is not. Endotoxins which are present in the grain dust samples in high concentrations have to be regarded as the major causative components. To avoid irreversible lung function impairment a comprehensive early diagnosis is necessary. Generally, a remarkable reduction of exposure to dust with high levels of airborne endotoxin in agriculture has to be achieved since in many workplaces corresponding exposures are still rather high.

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