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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-40253
Zum stimmlichen Ausdruck emotionaler Zustände. Eine vergleichend verhaltens- und neurobiologische Untersuchung
On the Vocal Expression of Emotional States. A Comparative Ethological and Neurobiological StudyPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
25. Juni 2003 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Transkulturelle Ähnlichkeiten in den emotionalen Intonationen beim Sprechen und die Existenz verschiedener nicht-verbaler emotionaler Lautäußerungen bei taubgeborenen Kindern sprechen dafür, dass das stimmliche emotionale Ausdrucksverhalten zum großen Teil angeboren ist. Ähnlichkeiten in den emotionalen Lautmustern zwischen Mensch und Affe sprechen außerdem dafür, dass dieses Ausdrucksverhalten ein hohes stammesgeschichtliches Alter besitzt. Diese Gemeinsamkeiten erlauben es, Affenlaute als Modell für die Untersuchung der neurobiologischen Grundlagen menschlicher emotionaler Lautäußerungen zu verwenden. Untersuchungen am Totenkopfaffen (Saimiri sciureus) haben gezeigt, dass die emotionale Stimmkontrolle hierarchisch organisiert ist. Auf der untersten Stufe stehen die phonatorischen Motoneurone und die diese Motoneurone koordinierenden Prämotorneurone der Formatio reticularis von Pons und Medulla. Die Ankoppelung von emotionalem Zustand und vokalmotorischem Koordinationsmechanismus geschieht über das periaquädukte Grau des Mittelhirns. Die Willkürkontrolle emotionaler Lautäußerungen erfolgt im Wesentlichen über den vorderen cingulären Kortex.
Abstract
Transcultural similarities in emotional intonation as well as the existence of numerous non-verbal emotional vocal utterances in deaf-born infants suggest that the vocal expression of emotional states is to a large extent innate. The fact that there are even similarities between human emotional utterances and monkey calls in comparative emotional situations, makes clear that the emotional vocal expression in humans has deep-reaching phylogenetic roots. The homologous nature of human emotional vocalization and monkey calls justifies the use of monkey calls as models in the study of the neurobiological basis of human emotional vocalization. Experiments in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) have shown that the neural control of vocalization is organized hierarchically. The lowest level is represented by the phonatory motor neurones and the coordinating premotor neurones in the reticular formation of pons and medulla. The next higher level is represented by the periaqueductal grey of the midbrain which is responsible for the coupling of emotional states to the vocal motor-coordinating network. The highest level is represented by the anterior cingulate cortex which is involved in the voluntary control of emotional vocal utterances.
Schlüsselwörter
Emotionale Intonation - Affenlaute - Evolution - akustische Analyse - limbisches System
Key words
Emotional intonation - monkey calls - evolution - acoustic analysis - limbic system
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Prof. Dr. Uwe Jürgens
Deutsches Primatenzentrum
Kellnerweg 4
37077 Göttingen
eMail: ujuerge@gwdg.de