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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-40445
Medikamentöse antirheumatische Therapie in der Schwangerschaft
Drug Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases in PregnancyPublication History
Publication Date:
07 July 2003 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Das Auftreten therapiebedürftiger rheumatischer Systemerkrankungen bei Patientinnen im gebärfähigen Alter ist keine Seltenheit. Die medikamentöse Therapie dieser Erkrankungen in der Schwangerschaft steht jedoch im Spannungsfeld zwischen potenziellen schädigenden Einflüssen vieler der in der Rheumatologie verwendeten Substanzen einerseits und andererseits der Notwendigkeit, schwere Krankheitsmanifestationen auch in der Schwangerschaft intensiv zu behandeln. Dabei gestaltet sich die Bekämpfung leichterer Symptome am unproblematischsten: Paracetamol bei mäßiger, Low-dose-Kortikoide bei ausgeprägterer Symptomatik stehen hier als komplikationsarme Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Bei nicht ausreichendem Ansprechen können im 1. und 2. Trimenon zusätzlich NSAR - vorzugsweise mit kurzer Halbwertszeit - verwendet werden. Auf Basistherapeutika und Immunsuppressiva sollte nach Möglichkeit in der Schwangerschaft verzichtet werden. Wenn die hohe Aktivität der Erkrankung dies nicht zulässt, so kommt im Fall der rheumatoiden Arthritis erstrangig Sulfasalazin, bei Therapieversagen oder bedrohlichen Komplikationen neben höheren Kortikoid-Dosen Azathioprin, Cyclosporin A und mit Abstrichen parenterales Gold infrage. Bei Kollagenosen wie dem SLE steht neben höheren Kortikoid-Dosen und Azathioprin bei niedrigerer Aktivität auch Hydroxychloroquin zur Verfügung. Unter den in der Rheumatologie meistverwendeten Substanzen ist Methotrexat u. a. aufgrund seines teratogenen Potenzials strikt kontraindiziert. Neuere Therapieoptionen wie Coxibe, Leflunomid oder Zytokin-Hemmstoffe sollten vorerst aufgrund zu geringer Erfahrungen in der Schwangerschaft ebenfalls nicht verwendet werden.
Abstract
Many rheumatic diseases can affect women of childbearing age and many of these diseases require drug treatment. Treatment options depend on factors like the severity of disease and individual risks of each agent. Acetaminophen and Iow-dose corticoisteroids are drugs of choice that can be used safely for symptomatic treatment, in addition nonsteroidal antirheumatic drugs may be used if necessary (excluding the last trimenon of pregnancy). If disease activity requires the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (or continuation of DMARD treatment) sulfasalazine for RA and hydroxychloroquine for SLE may be continued. In case of higher disease activity or severe systemic disease the use of higher doses of corticosteroids, azathioprine or cyclosporin might be considered. Methotrexate and cyclophosphamide are contraindicated during pregnancy due to their teratogenic potential. As well more recent treatment options like COX-2 inhibitors, leflunomide and biologicals are contraindicated because the effects of treatment during pregnancy are still unknown.
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Prof. Dr. Klaus Krüger
Rheumazentrum München/Praxiszentrum St. Bonifatius
St.-Bonifatius-Straße 5
81541 München
Email: klaus.krueger@medinn.med.uni-muenchen.de