Sport bei Fibromyalgie

Zusammenfassung

Patienten mit einer Fibromyalgie weisen tendenziell eine verminderte aerobe und anaerobe Ausdauer auf. Zumindest stärkere körperliche Belastungen führen bei Patienten mit einer Fibromyalgie zu Schmerzen. Viele Patienten neigen daher zu körperlicher Inaktivität. Wenig intensive aerobe Trainingsprogramme haben einen positiven Einfluss auf das Befinden der Patienten, lindern aber nicht immer die Schmerzen. Schmerzfreiheit wird jedoch durch Sport ebenso wenig erzielt wie durch die anderen Therapiemaßnahmen. Geeignet sind wenig anstrengende, dynamische Sportarten wie Walking, Joggen oder Radfahren. Empfohlen wird eine sehr behutsame Steigerung der Trainingsdauer und -intensität. Ziel ist eine tägliche halbe Stunde Sport oder eine ähnliche Belastung. Wegen oft geringer Compliance ist Fremdmotivation sehr wichtig (z. B. Sport in der Gruppe). Ungeeignet sind alle intensiven Sportarten. Krankheitsspezifische Anforderungen an sportärztliche Voruntersuchungen gibt es nicht.

Abstract

Fibromyalgia patients tend towards reduced aerobic and anaerobic endurance. In such patient severe muscular exercise provokes pain. Hence, many patients become physically inactive. Whereas, low-intensity aerobic training programmes improve their feeling tone, pain is not always alleviated. Freedom from pain cannot be achieved by sports activities as well as by any other treatment. Suitable sports activities for patients suffering from fibromyalgia are usually dynamic exercises such as walking, jogging, or cycling, whereas static and heavy physical activity are not tolerated. Patients should gradually increase duration and intensity of training with caution. The aim of sports therapy is a daily half-hour or a similar amount of sports activities. Because of low compliance motivating the patients by others is often very important, e. g. in sports groups. Before starting sports activities patients with fibromyalgia should undergo a medical (cardiological and orthopedic) examination. However, no specific requirements on details of the examination must be made when examining fibromyalgia patients.

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