Zusammenfassung
Zunehmende Ausgaben und gleichbleibende Ressourcen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen erfordern neben medizinischem Fachwissen das Verständnis wirtschaftlicher Zusammenhänge. Durch ökonomische Evaluationsforschung wie beispielsweise Kosten-Nutzen-Analysen, Kosten-Effektivitäts-Analysen und Kosten-Nutzwert-Analysen lassen sich Vor- und Nachteile medizinischer Interventionen darstellen. Medizinischer Nutzen einerseits und Nachteile in Form von medizinischen Risiken und Kosten andererseits, werden in einem relevanten Zeitraum erfasst und aus medizinischer und ökonomischer Sicht bewertet. Die ökonomische Evaluation medizinischer Alternativen soll Entscheidungsträgern (z. B. Krankenkassen und Ärzten) eine Orientierung bzw. Entscheidungshilfe über eine wirtschaftliche Verwendung bieten. Anhand des Beispiels der Parkinson-Erkrankung legen wir die grundsätzliche Methodik ökonomischer Evalution dar und zeigen Möglichkeiten und Grenzen in der Neurologie auf. Wir demonstrieren sowohl die Chancen als auch die Grenzen verschiedener entscheidungsanalytischer Modelle und Verfahren und ihre Anwendung in der Neurologie. Abschließend geben wir einen Literaturüberblick der ökonomischen Evaluationen im Bereich der Parkinson-Erkrankung.
Abstract
Rising costs in the German healthcare system require the consideration of economic issues in medical decision making. It is becoming increasingly necessary not only to provide excellent medical care but to use resources in a more efficient way. Economic evaluations such as cost-utility analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis are considered as a useful tool to assess costs and consequences of medical interventions. In combination with decision-analytic modeling, they have been proposed and widely used as an explicit, transparent, and quantitative method to combine the evidence from short-term clinical outcomes, long-term progression of the disease, QoL, and economic consequences to guide clinicians and health care policy decision makers. Cost-effectiveness analysis is of particular relevance in neurology and the area of Parkinson Disease (PD). In this publication we introduce the methodology of decision analysis and economic evaluation and show how different methods may be applied in a clinical setting. We provide a synopsis of how different models were applied to PD and which implications the results may have for therapeutic actions.
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PD Dr. Richard Dodel
Neurologische Klinik · Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25
53105 Bonn
Email: richard.dodel@ukb.uni-bonn.de