Das Adult Attachment Projective (AAP) - Gütekriterien und neue Forschungsergebnisse

Zusammenfassung

George, West u. Pettem [22] entwickelten eine neue Methode, das Adult Attachment Projective (AAP), zur Erfassung der Bindungsrepräsentation bei Erwachsenen, bestehend aus einem Set von acht Bildern, einem neutralen und sieben bindungsrelevanten, zu denen jeweils standardisiert Geschichten erzählt werden. Mit diesem Instrument setzen die Autoren die Tradition der bindungstheoretischen Diskursanalyse anhand von Narrativen fort und verbinden sie gleichzeitig mit den etablierten projektiven Bindungsmethoden für Kinder. In diesem Beitrag werden kurz die Auswertungskriterien und Bindungsklassifikationen des AAP charakterisiert. Neben den zufrieden stellenden Ergebnissen zur Reliabilität und konvergenten Validität liefern die neuesten Studien zu entwicklungsbezogenen Korrelaten von Bindung im Vorschulalter und zur Bindungsrepräsentation von Pflegemüttern und deren Pflegeverhalten erste Nachweise für eine prädiktive Validität des AAP. In einer Studie mit dysthymen Patientinnen erweist sich das AAP als valide einsetzbar und ermutigt zur breiteren klinischen Anwendung. Die modifizierte Anwendung des AAP im neurowissenschaftlichen Kontext mit der fMRT eröffnet neue Möglichkeiten für die Untersuchung neuronaler Korrelate von Bindungsmustern bei Borderlinepatientinnen und Gesunden sowie anderen klinischen Gruppen.

Abstract

George, West and Pettem [22] developed a new measure, the Adult Attachment Projective (AAP) to assess attachment representation in adults. The AAP is comprised of a set of eight drawings, one neutral scene and seven scenes of attachment situations. Although the pictures were drawn as projective stimuli, the method of administration combines projective and interview techniques in the form of a semi-structured interview. In this paper the coding procedure and attachment classifications of the AAP will shortly be described. The current results on reliability and convergent validity are reported. Developmental studies examining correlates of attachment during the preschool-age years, as well as adult attachment classification and foster mothers' perceptions of their relationship with their at risk foster children give first evidence for the predicitve validity of the AAP. The results of a recent study with dysthymic women using the AAP add to the increasing number of studies that have identified an association between preoccupied attachment and depression. This study encourages the use of the AAP in a broader clinical context. The modified application of the AAP using functional MRI opens a new approach to assess neural correlates of attachment representation in patients with a Borderline Personality Disorder compared to controls, and other clinical groups.

Attachment representation - adult attachment projective - predictive validity - depression - borderline personality disorder - cognitive neuroscience - functional MRI

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1 Die erste genaue Darstellung der Methode mit Transkriptbeispielen findet sich im Original bei [22] [23] und in deutscher Übersetzung bei [24]; eine Zusammenfassung der Auswertekriterien des AAP ist bei [25] (S. 38 - 39) nachzulesen. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag sollen neueste Angaben zur Reliabilität, Validität und Anwendung des AAP im klinischen Kontext vorgestellt werden.

2 Hier wurden die Kriterien von Grice [26] herangezogen und erweitert.

3 Die Studienteilnehmer beiden Geschlechts setzen sich sowohl aus gesunden Probanden (Studenten, Probanden rekrutiert über Zeitungsannoncen, Internet) und Patientinnen (Mütter von Kindern mit Gedeihstörungen, dysthyme Frauen) zusammen.