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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-42572
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Klinik, Histopathologie und Molekularbiologie des Tubenkarzinoms
Clinical Aspects, Histopathology and Genetics of Fallopian Tube CancerPublikationsverlauf
Eingang Manuskript: 1. Oktober 2002
Eingang revidiertes Manuskript: 8. Januar 2003
Akzeptiert: 16. Januar 2003
Publikationsdatum:
30. September 2003 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Das Tubenkarzinom ist das seltenste aller gynäkologischen Malignome. Seine geringe Inzidenz verhinderte bislang die Durchführung aussagekräftiger Untersuchungen, so dass kein zulänglich definiertes Therapiekonzept für dieses Krankheitsbild existiert. In Zeiten der evidenzbasierten Medizin stellt daher die Behandlung des Tubenkarzinoms ein Dilemma für jeden Kliniker dar. Notgedrungen orientiert sich die Behandlung an den Resultaten aus kleineren retrospektiven Untersuchungen mit langen Datenerhebungsperioden und aus den Erkenntnissen aus größeren Untersuchungen beim Ovarialkarzinom. Beide Entitäten weisen einige charakteristische Unterschiede auf, teilen aber auch viele Gemeinsamkeiten. Das Tubenkarzinom weist im Vergleich zum Ovarialkarzinom eine frühere klinische Symptomatik, eine höhere Prävalenz der Frühstadien und metastatische Beteiligung retroperitonealer Lymphknoten auf. Bis heute ist nicht geklärt, ob spezifische tumorbiologische Faktoren eine Rolle in diesem Zusammenhang spielen. Neuere Untersuchungen decken jedoch zunehmend klinische und tumorbiologische Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen beiden Tumorentitäten auf, die über den gemeinsamen Müller'schen Ursprung hinausgehen. So bestätigen jüngste Ergebnisse aus retrospektiven Untersuchungen die Bedeutung der zytoreduktiven Chirurgie und die hohe Chemosensibilität gegenüber Platinderivaten analog zum Therapiekonzept beim Ovarialkarzinom. Zudem lassen neue Erkenntnisse über Häufigkeiten und Muster genetischer Alterationen eine gemeinsame molekulargenetische Pathogenese vermuten. Die Prävalenz von BRCA1- und BRCA2-Mutationen beim Tubenkarzinom gleicht den bisherigen Ergebnissen zufolge der beim Ovarialkarzinom, und komparative Genomhybridisierungen zeigen vergleichbare genomische Alterationen beider Tumorentitäten.
Vor dem Hintergrund fehlender evidenzbasierter Therapiekonzepte rechtfertigen daher die bislang gesammelten Erkenntnisse, dass sich das therapeutische Management von Tubenkarzinomen eng an dem von Ovarialkarzinomen orientiert.
Abstract
Fallopian tube carcinoma is the least common type of all gynecologic malignancies. Its low incidence led to therapeutic concepts derived from smaller retrospective studies with data collected over long time periods, resulting in a poorly defined management of this disease. As a result, every clinician is forced to decide on the basis of a low level of evidence. Alternatively, treatment of fallopian tube cancer today follows concepts derived from large prospective randomised trials in ovarian cancer.
In comparison to ovarian cancer, fallopian tube carcinoma tends to be more often diagnosed as being of low FIGO stage at time of primary diagnosis, probably due to earlier symptoms. Together with increased retroperitoneal lymph node involvement, specific tumorbiological factors may be reasonable for that. However, despite these differences both malignancies share biological characteristics as well as clinical appearances. In keeping with standard treatment of ovarian carcinoma, recent results from retrospective trials with the largest collectives ever confirm the importance of cytoreductive surgery and platinum sensitivity for the treatment of fallopian tube cancer. Furthermore, strikingly similar frequencies of BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations and patterns of genomic alterations in these tumour entities have recently suggested a common molecular pathogenesis.
In summary of existing experiences, treatment of fallopian tube cancer may follow concepts derived from large prospective randomised trials in ovarian cancer.
Schlüsselwörter
Tubenkarzinom - Ovarialkarzinom - Therapie
Key words
Fallopian tube cancer - ovarian cancer - therapy
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Dr. med. Felix Hilpert
Klinik für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe · Universitätsklinikum Kiel
Michaelisstraße 16
24105 Kiel
eMail: fhilpert@email.uni-kiel.de