Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
In dieser Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse einer Serie von 44 Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen
vorgestellt. Im Rahmen der Diskussion wird anhand der Literatur das neurochirurgische
Behandlungskonzept von Mammakarzinom-Hirnmetastasen besprochen.
Material und Methodik
Bei 44 Patientinnen wurde mit 58 Gamma-Knife-Behandlungen 126 Hirnmetastasen ambulant
behandelt. Für alle behandelten Patientinnen war ein prospektives Follow-up-Protokoll
vorgesehen, bestehend aus regelmäßigen klinisch-neurologischen Untersuchungen und
MRT-Untersuchungen.
Ergebnisse
Bei 41 Patientinnen konnte das prospektive Protokoll vollständig durchgeführt werden.
Die lokale Tumorkontrollerate nach 53 Wochen mittlerer Follow-up-Zeit betrug 93 %;
diese Zahl reduziert sich bei Langzeitüberlebenden nach mehr als 70 Wochen Nachbeobachtungszeit
auf 74 %. Das mediane Überleben nach Gamma-Knife-Behandlung betrug 9,8 Monate. In
43 % der Todesfälle war ein intrakranieller Progress die Ursache. Bei 75 % der neurologisch
auffälligen Patientinnen konnte eine Verbesserung der Symptomatik erreicht werden.
Die MRT-Kontrolle zeigte bei 22 von 114 evaluierbaren Tumoren eine Zunahme des Kontrastmittel
aufnehmenden Areals im Bereich der behandelten Tumoren. Bei 8 von 114 (7 %) war diese
Zunahme progredient und wurde als Tumorrezidiv gedeutet. Wenn sich die KM aufnehmenden
Areale zurückbildeten, wurde dies als radiogene Blut-Hirn-Schrankenstörung gedeutet.
5 von diesen 14 Fällen wurden symptomatisch. Die Beschwerden bildeten sich bei allen
5 Patientinnen nach Steroidtherapie vollständig zurück.
Schlussfolgerung
Bei Mammakarzinom-Patientinnen mit singulären Hirnmetastasen und ausgewählten Patientinnen
mit multiplen Hirnmetastasen erzielt die radiochirurgische Behandlung mit dem Gamma-Knife
eine hohe lokale Tumorkontrollrate und eine funktionelle Verbesserung mit einer geringen
Nebenwirkungsrate und ebenfalls geringer Patientenbelastung (einmaliger ambulanter
Eingriff).
Abstract
Purpose
In this study we present the results of gamma knife treatment of 44 brain metastasis
patients and discuss the neurosurgical management of breast cancer patients with brain
metastases.
Material and Methods
44 female patients with 126 brain metastases were treated in 58 treatment sessions.
A prospective follow-up protocol, with a neurological and MRI evaluation was planned
for all treated patients.
Results
The protocol could be completed in 41 patients. The local tumour control rate after
a mean follow-up of 53 weeks was 93 %. For patients with a survival of more than 70
months, the local tumour control rate decreased to 74 %. Mean survival after gamma
knife treatment was 9.8 months. An improvement of the neurological status could be
reached in 75 %. The cause of death was neurological in 43 %. MRI follow-up of 114
tumours showed an increase in contrast enhancing volume (CEV) for 22 tumours. This
increase was progressive in 8 of 114 (7 %) patients; these cases were considered to
be recurrences. In 14 cases the increases of CEV proved to be transient and were considered
to be radiotoxic blood brain barrier ruptures. 5 of these cases became symptomatic.
The symptoms resolved completely after steroid therapy.
Conclusion
For breast cancer patients with singular brain metastases and selected patients with
multiple brain metastases radiosurgery with a gamma knife can achieve a high tumour
control rate as well as a functional improvement. The treatment risk is low and the
single treatment on an outpatient basis causes only minimal discomfort for the patients.
Schlüsselwörter
Gamma-Knife - Radiochirurgie - Neurochirurgie - Mammakarzinom - Hirnmetastasen
Key words
Gamma knife - radiosurgery - breast cancer - brain metastases
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Dr. med. Albertus T. C. J. van Eck
Gamma Knife Zentrum Krefeld
Lutherstraße 54
47805 Krefeld
eMail: vaneck@gamma-knife.de