Zusammenfassung
Studienziel: Die Kernspintomographie (MRT) ermöglicht heute eine hinreichend genaue Diagnostik von intraspinalen Tumoren. Zur Planung der operativen Resektion wurde der intraoperative Ultraschall (IOUS) verwendet, um die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten gegenüber dem MRT beurteilen zu können. Methode: Im Zeitraum von 1997 - 9/2002 wurden 32 Patienten mit der Diagnose eines Ependymoms (n = 9), Astrozytoms (n = 5), Hämangioblastoms (n = 5), Neurinoms (n = 4), Meningeoms (n = 4) und Filum terminale Ependymoms (n = 5) intraoperativ, transdural sonographiert und die Befunde anschließend mit den MRT-Aufnahmen und histologischen Untersuchungen korreliert. Ergebnisse: Intramedulläre Tumoren zeigen ein heterogenes Bild mit teils zystischen Veränderungen, einer unscharfen Begrenzung sowie einem begleitenden, intramedullären Ödem. Sie sind damit gut von extramedullären Tumoren mit einer homogenen Echogenität und scharfer Abgrenzung zu unterscheiden. Der IOUS führte bei 7/32 Patienten zu einer Erweiterung der Laminotomie, um auch die Tumorpole einsehen zu können. Schlussfolgerung: Der intraoperative transdurale Ultraschall ermöglicht eine zuverlässige Diagnose von intraspinalen Tumoren, die eine Unterscheidung von intra- und extramedullären Tumoren aufgrund charakteristischer Echogenitäten zulässt. Der IOUS ermöglicht, entsprechend der realen Tumorausdehnung, bei geschlossener Dura eine Optimierung des operativen Zugangsweges. Dabei wird verhindert, dass bei einer bereits geöffneten Dura ein ödematös geschwollenes Rückenmark protrudiert und zusätzliche Einblutungen zu Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen führen können. Der IOUS bietet damit bei intraduralen Prozessen des Spinalkanals eine zuverlässige diagnostische Hilfe, die darüber hinaus die Morbidität dieser Eingriffe vermindert.
Abstract
Aim: Spinal tumours can be diagnosed precisely by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Planning the surgical procedure of intradural tumours, intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has been used to evaluate its diagnostic potential. Method: From 1997 to 9/2002 32 patients with the diagnosis of an ependymoma (n = 9), astrocytoma (n = 5), haemangioblastoma (n = 5), neurinoma (n = 4), meningeoma (n = 4) and filum terminale ependymoma (n = 5) were investigated by intraoperative transdural sonography. The sonographic results were correlated to the preoperative MRI-findings and histopathological work-up. Results: Intramedullary tumours characteristically present with a heterogenous morphology, sometimes carrying intralesional or perilesional cysts. The tumour margins are frequently poorly defined, and there is a perifocal oedema. Extramedullary tumours frequently display a homogenous signal intensity, well defined tumour margins and the abscence of perifocal oedema. Haemangioblastomas turned out to be a specific sonographic entity among intramedullary tumours, as they most often contain only a cystic part with a small tumour nodule. IOUS influenced the surgical approach as laminotomy has to be extended in 7/32 cases to reach the tips of the tumour. Conclusion: The precision of surgical exposure of intradural spinal lesions can be optimised by IOUS which shows a high correlation with MRI characterizing extra- and intramedullary tumours. Using IOUS, the exact position of the laminectomy/laminotomy can be adapted to the true extent of the tumour, thus avoiding the necessity of further bone work in the case of the frequently oedematous spinal cord protruding through the opening in the dura. Overall, IOUS guidance can help to reduce postoperative morbidity in surgery for all spinal intradural lesions.
Schlüsselwörter
Intraoperativer Ultraschall - spinaler Tumor
Key words
Intraoperative ultrasound - spinal tumour
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Dr. J. Regelsberger
Neurochirurgische Klinik · Universitäts-Krankenhaus Eppendorf Hamburg
Martinistraße 52· 20246 Hamburg
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Email: JRegelsberger@aol.com