Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-45342
A New Concept for Covered stent Protected Carotid Angioplasty: An ex vivo Study
Ein neuartiges Konzept der stentgeschützten Karotisangioplastie: Eine KadaverstudiePublication History
Publication Date:
08 December 2003 (online)
Zusammenhang
Ziel: Bestimmung der Effektivität eines zur Karotisangioplastie beschichteten Stent-Prototypen zur Reduktion zerebraler Embolien. Material und Methode: Der getestete Stent ist aus Nitinol gefertigt und mit einer Polyurethan Membran ausgekleidet (MembraX™; Porosität 80 µm). In einem Flussmodell (Flussrate 650 ml/min, pulsatil [dikrot] 123 Pulse/min, Druck 100/ 60 mmHg [mittlerer Druck 80 mmHg]) wurden humane, präparierte Karotiden von Leichen eingespannt (n = 6) und Stents implantiert (8/32 mm). Embolisierte Partikel (mg) wurden in einem 100 µm Filter im Ausflusstrakt der A. carotis interna vor, nach Stentimplantation sowie nach zusätzlicher Dilatation (5 mm) bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Wenn humane Leichenkarotiden gestentet werden, so ist die gemessene Embolierate während der Prozedur der Stenteinlage und Entfaltung (6,8 mg; für alle p < 0,05) am höchsten, Embolien nach zusätzlicher Ballondilatation sowie die in der abströmenden Flüssigkeit gemessenen Partikel vor Stenteinlage waren signifikant niedriger (3,8 mg; p < 0,05). Äste der A. carotis externa blieben nach Stenteinlage offen. Schlussfolgerungen: Das vorgestellte Konzept der stentgeschützten Karotisangioplastie mit dem MembraX™ Prototypen hat vielversprechende Ergebnisse einer niedrigen zerebralen ex vivo Embolierate belegt. Weitere Untersuchungen im Tiermodell und eine Größenreduktion des Freisetzungskatheters sind vor Einsatz im Menschen notwendig.
Abstract
Objective: To determine the efficacy of a covered stent prototype designed for protected carotid angioplasty to reduce cerebral embolization. Material and Method: The covered stent tested is made of nitinol, coated with a polyurethane membrane (MembraX™; porous size 80 µm). In a bench-top model (flow-rate 650 ml/min, pulsatile flow [dicrote] 123 Pulses/min, pressure 100/60 mm Hg [mean pressure 80 mmHg]) with inserted human carotid (n = 6) stent implantation was performed (8/32 mm). Passed particles (mg) were determined in the effluent of a 100 µm filter prior to intervention, after stent deployment and after final dilation (5 mm). Results: When stenting carotid arteries obtained from human cadavers, the highest rate of particle embolization was measured while crossing the lesion with the delivery device (6,8 mg; for all p < 0,05), embolization after additional balloon angioplasty and particle rates measured in the effluent filter prior covered stent placement were significantly lower (3,8 mg; p < 0,05). Branches of the external carotid artery remained patent in all cases. Conclusions: The introduced concept of covered stent protected carotid angioplasty with the MembraX™ prototype has proven promising results for low cerebral embolization rates ex vivo. Further evaluations using an animal model and a miniaturization of the delivery device are warranted prior to human use.
Key words
Carotid arteries, interventional procedures - interventional procedures, experimental - interventional procedures, complications - embolism, experimental
References
- 1 Kastrup A, Gröschel K, Krapf H, Brehm B R, Dichgans J, Schulz J B. Early outcome of carotid angioplasty and stenting with and without cerebral protection devices. A systematic review of the literature. Stroke. 2003; 34 813-819
- 2 Müller-Hülsbeck S, Grimm J, Liess C, Hedderich J, Bergmeyer M, Heller M. Comparison and modification of two cerebral protection devices used for carotid angioplasty: in vitro experiment. Radiology. 2002; 225 289-294
- 3 Müller-Hülsbeck , Jahnke T, Liess C, Glass C, Grimm J, Heller M. Comparison of various cerebral protection devices used for carotid stenting: an in vitro experiment. J Vasc Interv Radiol, submitted
-
4
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaboration: . Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with high-grade stenosis. N Eng J Med 1991 325: 445-453 - 5 Ohki T, Roubin G S, Veith F J, Sriram S I, Eamon B. Efficacy of a filter device in the prevention of embolic events during carotid angioplasty and stenting: an ex vivo analysis. J Vasc Surg. 1999; 30 1034-1044
- 6 Coggia M, Goeau-Brissonniere O, Duval J L, Leschi J P, Letort M, Nagel M D. Embolic risk of the different stages of carotid bifurcation balloon angioplasty: an experimental study. J Vasc Surg. 2000; 31 550-557
- 7 Grego F, Frigatti P, Amista P, Lepidi S, Antonello M, Carollo C, Deriu G P. Prospective comparative study of two cerebral protection devices in carotid angioplasty and stenting. J Cardiovasc Surg. 2002; 43 391-397
- 8 Henry M, Henry I, Klonaris C, Masson I, Hugel M, Tzvetanov K, Ethevenot G, Le B E, Kownator S, Luizi F, Folliguet B. Benefits of cerebral protection during carotid stenting with the PercuSurge GuardWire system: midterm results. J Endovasc Ther. 2002; 9 1-13
- 9 Whitlow P L, Lylyk P, Londero H, Mendiz O A, Mathias K, Jaeger H, Parodi J, Schonholz C, Milei J. Carotid artery stenting protected with an emboli containment system. Stroke. 2002; 33 1308-1314
- 10 Markus H S, Clifton A, Buckenham T, Brown M M. Carotid angioplasty. Detection of embolic signals during and after the procedure. Stroke. 1994; 25 2403-2406
- 11 Jaeger H J, Mathias K D, Hauth E, Drescher R, Gissler H M, Hennigs S, Christmann A. Cerebral ischemia detected with diffusion-weighted MR imaging after stent implantation in the carotid artery. Am J Neuroradiol. 2002; 23 200-207
- 12 Tubler T, Schluter M, Dirsch O, Sievert H, Bosenberg I, Grube E, Waigand J, Schofer J. Balloon-protected carotid artery stenting: relationship of periprocedural neurological complications with the size of particulate debris. Circulation. 2001; 104 2791-2796
- 13 Theron J, Courtheoux P, Alachkar F, Bouvard G, Maiza D. New triple coaxial catheter system of carotid angioplasty with cerebral protection. Am J Neuroradiol. 1990; 11 869-874
- 14 Martin J B, Gailloud P, Sugiu K, Khan H, Spadola L, Piotin M, Fasel J HD, Rüfenacht D A. In vitro models of human carotid atheromatous disease. Endovascular Therapy Course. Ninth international course book of peripheral vascular intervention 1998: 541-546
- 15 Macdonald S, Venables G S, Cleveland T J, Gaines P A. Protected carotid stenting: safety and efficacy of the MedNova NeuroShield filter. J Vasc Surg. 2002; 35 966-972
Stefan Müller-Hülsbeck, M.D.
Dept. of Radiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein - Campus Kiel
Arnold-Heller-Straße 9
24105 Kiel, Germany
Phone: +49-431-5973154
Fax: +49-431-5973151
Email: muehue@rad.uni-kiel.de