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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-812683
Severe Exacerbation of Chronic Hepatitis B after Emergence of Lamivudine Resistance in a Cirrhotic Patient: Immediate Switch to Adefovir Dipivoxil Appears to be Indicated
Schwere Exazerbation einer chronischen Hepatitis B nach dem Auftreten einer Lamivudin-Resistenz bei einem Patienten mit Leberzirrhose: Eine sofortige Therapieumstellung auf Adefovir Dipivoxil ist indiziertPublication History
Manuscript received: 2. June 2003
Accepted after revision: 28. July 2003
Publication Date:
02 February 2004 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Lamivudin ist eine sichere Therapiemöglichkeit der chronischen Hepatitis B. Ein Problem stellt jedoch die mit längerer Therapiezeit zunehmende Wahrscheinlichkeit einer viralen Resistenz gegenüber Lamivudin dar. Die mutierten Virusspezies sind oft weniger pathogen als der Wildtyp, können jedoch auch eine akute Exazerbation der Hepatitis B auslösen. Bei Lamivudin-Resistenz stellt das vor einiger Zeit in den USA und seit März 2003 in Deutschland zugelassene Nukleosidanalogon Adefovir Dipivoxil eine effektive Therapiemöglichkeit dar.
Fallbericht: Ein 31-jähriger Mann mit kompensierter Leberzirrhose entwickelte eine Lamivudin-Resistenz, die zu einem subakuten Leberversagen führte. Sofort nach Aufnahme in unsere Abteilung wurde die Therapie im Rahmen eines Early Access Program auf 10 mg/d Adefovir Dipivoxil umgestellt. Ein weiterer Progress des durch die Virusmutation ausgelösten subakuten Leberversagens wurde durch diese Therapieumstellung verzögert. Die Therapieumstellung ermöglichte die Durchführung einer Leberlebendtransplantation. Adefovir Dipivoxil führte in der akuten Erkrankungsphase nicht zu Anzeichen von Nephrotoxizität oder eines hepatorenalen Syndroms.
Schlussfolgerung: Adefovir Dipivoxil führte zu einer Verzögerung des subakuten Leberversagens und ermöglichte die Durchführung einer Leberlebendtransplantation. Eine frühere Therapieumstellung hätte eventuell eine Lebertransplantation verhindern können. Bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose erscheint daher eine frühzeitige Therapieumstellung auf Adefovir Dipivoxil nach dem Auftreten einer Lamivudin-Resistenz indiziert.
Abstract
Introduction: Lamivudine is a treatment option for the therapy of chronic hepatitis B with an excellent safety profile. Unfortunately, viral resistance to lamivudine is common in the course of therapy. The lamivudine resistant mutants are usually less pathogenic than the wild type, but development of viral resistance can also lead to acute exacerbation of the underlying hepatitis. The recently FDA approved nucleoside analogue adefovir dipivoxil has potent antiviral activity against lamivudine-resistant mutants and can prevent viral replication effectively.
Case report: A 31-year-old man with pre-existing compensated liver cirrhosis developed resistance to lamivudine therapy leading to subacute liver failure. After referral adefovir dipivoxil 10 mg daily was initiated within an early access protocol. Since initiating therapy with adefovir dipivoxil progression of the subacute liver failure was delayed accompanied by a rapid decrease of ALT and decline of HBV viral load. Even so, the clinical course was not reverted but showed slower deterioration. This enabled the patient to undergo living-related liver transplantation. Adefovir dipivoxil was well tolerated in the acute phase of the disease and did not cause nephrotoxicity or favour the development of hepatorenal syndrome.
Conclusion: Adefovir dipivoxil resulted in a delay of hepatic decompensation and enabled liver transplantation as final treatment option for this patient. Earlier initiation might even have prevented the need of liver transplantation. Thus, in patients with pre-existing liver cirrhosis an early switch to adefovir dipivoxil appears indicated after emergence of lamivudine resistance.
Schlüsselwörter
Hepatitis B - Zirrhose - Lamivudin - Adefovir Dipivoxil
Key words
Hepatitis B - cirrhosis - lamivudine - adefovir dipivoxil
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Hans L. Tillmann, MD
Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Endocrinology, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover
Carl Neuberg Str. 1
30623 Hannover
Germany
Email: Tillmann@tx-amb.mh- hannover.de